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Book. 



MILITARY MEMOIRS 



GREAT CIVIL WAR. 



THE MILITARY MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYNNE; 

AND 

AN ACCOUNT 



EARL OF GLENCAIRNS EXPEDITION, 

AS GENERAL OF HIS MAJESTY'S FORCES, IX 

THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND, 

IN THE YEARS 1653 & 1654. 

BY 

A PERSON WHO WAS EYE AND EAR WITNESS TO EVERY 
TRANSACTION. 

WITH 

AN APPENDIX. 



EDINBURGH : 

PRINTED FOR HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. LONDON ; 

AND ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH. 



1822. 




7 60 



EDINBURGH: 

PRINTED BY JAMES BALLAXTYSE AND CO. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The two following Narratives are put into a printed 
state, not because they give any new or particular in- 
formation upon the subjects of the Great Civil War, but 
because it is desirable, for many reasons, to place beyond 
the reach of accident every personal narrative connected 
with that eventful period. 

Captain John Gwynne appears, from the last Hnk of a 
formidable Welsh pedigree, to have been the grandson of 
Edward Gwynne, Esq. barrister at law. He was, before 
the Civil War, a retainer in the household of Charles I., 
and employed in training the family of that unfortunate 
prince to mihtary exercises. He naturally engaged in the 
royal service during the Great Civil War, and seems to 
have distinguished himself by his personal courage and 



vi INTRODUCTION. 

activity. After his Royal Master's execution, he followed 
the banner of his son, in the most difficult enterprizes 
in which it was displayed. Gwynne was with Montrose 
in his last unhappy attempt ; and, undeterred by the 
dangers which he then escaped, was again ready to ven- 
ture his person in the same country and quarrel, under 
the command of Middleton. When that enterprize also 
failed, he joined the motley army of loyaUsts which as- 
sembled round James, Duke of York, and was ^vith liim 
at the fight before Dunkirk, and other actions in Flan- 
ders. Upon the Restoration, Gwynne seems to have ex- 
perienced his share of the neglect with which Charles II. 
treated the old cavahers. He seems to have been passed 
over in the course of promotion in the Royal Guards, 
where he had so long been an officer, and to have been 
left to embarrassment, if not to want. The general cla- 
mour of these neglected partizans at length extorted 
some ostensible attention to their situation ; and Gwynne, 
amongst others, seems to have then dra^^'n up the fol- 
lowing statement of the battles, skirmishes, and adven- 
tures, in which he had distinguished liis loyalty. The 
Manuscript is a very neat one, bearing in front several 
preliminary letters to persons of consequence, whose in- 



INTRODUCTION. vii 

terest the author was desirous of securing. Whether he 
proved successful in his appUcation, or otherwise, is un- 
known ; but the latter conclusion is to be apprehended. 
The Manuscript was obhgingly presented to the Editor 
by the Eeverend John Grahame of Lifford, near Strabane, 
Ireland, into whose hands it fell by accident. 

The " Account of Glencairn's Expedition" is already 
partly known to the public, by the Extracts published by 
Lord Hailes. Mr Wood, in his enlarged edition of the 
Scottish Peerage, has given the following account of the 
noble Lord who made this gallant, though unsuccessful, 
effort, in favour of loyalty and Scottish independence. 

" William, ninth Earl of Glencairn, the eldest son, (of 
William, eighth Earl of Glencairn, and of Janet Ker, se- 
cond daughter of Mark, first Earl of Lothian, by whom 
he had issue,) born about 1610, succeeded his father 1631, 
and obtained a letter under the Great Seal, dated 21st 
July, 1637, ratifying the patent to the deceased Alexan- 
der, Earl of Glencairn, of the title, honours, and dignity 
of Earl of Glencairn, of 28th May, 1488, in favour of 
WilHam, now Earl of Glencairn, and his heirs and suc- 
cessors in all time coming. He had a charter of the ba- 
rony of Kilmaurs, &c. to him and the heirs-male of his 



viii INTRODUCTION. 

body ; m hich failing, to the heirs-male and of entail, spe- 
cified in the infeftments of lands of Glencairn, 27th Jiily, 
1642 ; and another of the lands of Lambruchton, 7th 
April, 1643. He was sworn a Privy-councillor ; was ap- 
pointed one of the Commissioners of the Treasury, 1641 ; 
joined the Duke of Hamilton, and the Earls of Lanark 
and Koxburgh, in opposing the sending an army into 
England to assist the Parliament's forces, 1643, which 
King Charles I. was pleased to acknowledge in a letter 
under his own hand ; concluding, ' I give you this assu- 
rance, on the word of a prince, that I shall never retract 
any thing I have granted, either in rehgion or liberty, to 
my subjects in Scotland ; and, for your own part, I will 
not die in your debt.' His Lordship was constituted 
Lord Justice-General by Parliament, 1646 ; entered 
heartily into the ' engagement' for the rescue of the King, 
for M'hich he was deprived of his office, in virtue of the 
Act of Classes ; and, 2d March, 1649, ParUament passed 
a decreet against the Earl of Glencairn, annulling his 
patent of earldom, 1488. 

" After the English to all appearance subdued Scotland, 
a new and formidable enemy arose in the Earl of Glen- 
cairn, who received from Charles II. a commission to com- 



INTRODUCTION. ix 

maud all the men he could raise for his Majesty's service. 
He left his house of Finlayston, in August, 1653, and went 
to Lochern, where he met the Earl of Atholl, and some 
chiefs of the Highland clans, and soon found himself at 
the head of a considerable body of men, with which he 
gave much trouble to General Monk." 

For some time the insurrection seemed to proceed with 
the rapid increase of a snow-ball. Scotland had been ha- 
rassed by the pressure of the EngHshyoke, to which she 
was altogether unaccustomed, and the wretched state of 
the nation, as well as the irritation of men's spirits, indu- 
ced many to take the field. There was a general move- 
ment in all parts of Scotland, and everywhere horses were 
seized in the King's name, by the adventurous or despe- 
rate, who were desirous to rank themselves under Glen- 
cairn's command. The nature of their proceedings is 
pretty well indicated by the following passage in Nicol's 
Diary : — " The greatest relief at the time was, by some 
gentlemen, called Moss-troopers, who having quietly con- 
vened in thirties and forties, did cut off numbers of the 
EngUsh, and seized on their packets and horses." Most 
of these insurgents joined Glencairn, whose army amount- 
ed to 3000 men, of whom five hundred were horse, chiefly 



X INTRODUCTION. 

Lowland gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. With 
such an army, the enterprizing genius of Montrose might 
have -achieved much. But Glencairn, though both a 
brave man and a good soldier, had not that predominant 
influence in the little army, which successful genius alone 
can give in such cases. He was desirous, according to 
Burnet, of falling down on the Low Countries, but was 
opposed by the Earl of Balcarras, who contended they 
should rather keep together in the fastnesses of the 
Highlands, until they obtained from Charles such assist- 
ance of men, money, and arms, as he might be able to 
send them. 

Accordingly, Middleton was sent over by Charles to 
take the chief command of the army, and was accompa- 
nied by many cavahers ; and especially, among others, 
by the indefatigable Captain G\^7nne. But the arrival 
of Middleton, far from appeasing the discords which al- 
ready began to rage in the Uttle desultory army, was so- 
lemnized by a duel betwixt the Earl of Glencairn, whom he 
had superseded in command, and Sir George Munro, one 
of the officers who accompanied the general. The final 
fate of the Highland army, was such as might be expected 
from the motley ingredients of which it was composed, — 



INTRODUCTION. xi 

mountain clans, who were unwilling to leave their passes ; 
EngHsh and Scottish horse, who could not find subsist- 
ence among the hills ; men of as many principles as opi- 
nions, each obstinate in maintaining his own ; an abun- 
dance of petty chiefs, ready and desirous to command ; 
and a want of troops incUned and accustomed to obey. 
They were chaced from place to place, in a manner not 
very honourable to their skill, considering the strength of 
the country which they occupied ; and after a few checks 
of no great importance, particularly one at Lochgarrie, 
their army finally dissolved without doing any thing dis- 
tinguished. 

Glencairn had capitulated for himself before the final 
dissolution of the army ; but was, notwithstanding, ex- 
empted from pardon in Cromwell's act of indemnity in 
1654, and in the subsequent year arrested, as appears 
from Nicol's Diary, and committed to the Castle of 
Edinburgh. The rest of his history may be told in Mr 
Wood's words : — 

" Lord Glencairn was one of the peers Monk called to 
the Convention he summoned, when he was to march into 
England, 1659, and pressed the general much to declare 
for a free Parliament. 



xii INTRODUCTION. 

" On the Restoration, his Lordship went to Court to 
offer his congratulations to King Charles II., by whom he 
was sworn a Privy-councillor, and constituted High-sheriff 
of the county of Ayr. The Earl of Loudoun surrender- 
ing the Chancellor's place, the Earl of Glencairn was, 
19th January, 1661, appointed High-chancellor of Scot- 
land for hfe, and was sworn into office in Parhament, 
28th February following. His Lordship had a great share 
in setting up episcopacy ; but being a wise moderate man, 
resolved to keep things in as great temper as possible, 
and to proceed but slowly in matters that related to the 
settling of the church. This produced a breach betwixt 
him and Archbishop Sharpe, who, in 1663, went up to 
Court to complain of the Chancellor, as remiss in execu- 
ting the laws about conformity ; and to represent, that 
unless more spirit was put in administration, it would be 
impossible to preserve the church. Sharpe obtained a let- 
ter to the Privy-council, in January 1664, giving the 
Primate the right of precedence over the Chancellor. 
This insult sunk deep into the Chancellor's heart, that 
brought on the illness that occasioned his death at Bol- 
ton, in the county of Haddington, his lady's jointiu-e- 
house, 30th May, 1664, in the 54th year of his age. He 



INTRODUCTION. xiii 

was buried in the south-east aisle of the Cathedral Church 
of St Giles, at Edinburgh, with great state and magnifi- 
cence, on the 28th of July following. His funeral ser- 
mon, by Burnet, Archbishop of Glasgow, extolled the no- 
bility of his birth and descent, his solid piety, his excel- 
lent parts, his eminent loyalty, and most singular tem- 
perance and sobriety. In Pinkerton's Scottish Gallery is 
an engraving of his Lordship." — ^Douglas's Peerage of 
Scotland, vol. I. pp. 687, 638. 

It only remains to be noticed, that the manuscript 
from which the Account of Glencairn's Expedition is 
printed, is in the possession of Sir Alexander Don of 
Newton, Baronet, representative of the Earl of Glen- 
cairn, in right of his mother. It is said to have been 
compiled by John Graham of Duchrie, one of the most 
distinguished gentlemen who joined him in the under- 
taking. 

In illustration of these Memoirs, and at the same time 
to shew the miserable state of the kingdom of Scotland, 
exhausted at once by foreign domination and domestic 
dissensions, the Editor has added some extracts from 
what may be called the Gazettes of the period, the dis- 
patches, namely, from Scotland, which, chiefly composed 



xiv INTRODUCTION. 

at Monk's head-quarters at Dalkeith, appeared from time 
to time in the Public Intelligencer, by which the Protec- 
tor informed his subjects of occurrences in his usurped 
dominions. 



Abbotsford, 21st December, 1821. 



MILITARY MEMOIRS 



JOHN GWYN. 



I 



PREFATORY LETTERS, 



To His Majesty King Charles II. 

Sir, 
Your Majesty is my best witness to satisfy yourself 
that I have served you immutably, from youth to old 
age ; nor could any other kind of incouragement on earth 
gaine me from my loyal devotion and service to your 
Majesty, whilst I had a being in what condition soever ; 
neither would I be so great a criminal, and so insignifi- 
cant, as some unjustly have rendered me unto your Ma- 
jesty, for my hfe. Therefore, and in regard of his Grace 
the Duke of Monmouth's late commands, that whosoever 
rides in the Royal troop of Guards, must give an account 
how long, and in what capacity, he had served the King, 



4 PREFATORY LETTERS. 

and whether gentleman or mechanic ; I prepared this small 
manuscript, of my own poor method and wTiting, most 
humbly to present unto your Majesty, as a real testimo- 
ny of those several countreys where I have faithfully spent 
my prime of years in your service, and hkewise my obser- 
vation (as most to the purpose in my best sense,) of all 
the field-fights and garrisons I have been in, and against, 
in your Majesty's service. And ^\ithall, not one of those 
many brave fellows who had the honour to carry pikes 
and muskets when your Majesty, in your junior years, 
was pleased to exercise us at Richmond and Windsor, 
nor one from that great nursery of prime men at Court, 
then about the Royal Family, can own to have gone more 
steps, and through more hazards, to accomphsh his loyal 
duty, than has. 

Your Majesty's most 

Humble, faithful. 

Poor subject and soiddier, 

JOHX GwYN. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To his Royal Highness the Duke of York. 

Sir, 
My loyalty and service to my King, and likewise to 
your Royal Highness, (since it was to the royal interest,) 
has been some forty years' continuance, and the small 
manuscript which I most humbly present unto his Ma- 
jesty, and to your Royal Highness, are the accounts of it, 
wherein, if I have not amply and sufficiently exprest my 
constant fidelity and service, what I have omitted for 
brevity, I can make to appear, that in all the late King's 
troubles, both at home and abroad, I ever had so little 
value of myself, as not to regard what should become of 
me, so I might still be serviceable to my Prince. I could 
do no more, nor would not Hve to do less, while there was 
the least occasion for it, being 

Your Royal Highness's most 

Humble, faithful, and 

Meanest of servants, 

John Gwyn. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To his Gi'uce the Duhe of Monmouth. 

SiK, 

This small manuscript is in obedience to your Grace's 
late commands, and an account unto the King of my time 
spent in his service, where I have not only been a spec- 
tator to what was done, but so frequent upon action, as 
to gain the experience to know my own resolution so far, 
that before I would be surprised by a neglect of your 
Grace's commands, being my General, my Captain, so 
great a master in arms, and already so famous in heroic 
actions, I would choose rather to do as an old comrade of 
mine (one Aldersey) has done ; who went but httle way 
from his command, in the interim, the enemy fell upon 
his post, and cut off most of his men, before he returned 
and desperately ran in amongst them ^nth his sword in 
his hand, embroihng in blood, till they had mastered him 
with wounds, and offered him quarter, which he refused 
to take, saying, " I will not outlive the day that shall 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 7 

make me be hanged for neglect of duty," — and so fought 
to death, as it was really rendered unto him. 

Your Grace's most humble servant and 

Souldier, to command, 

John Gwyn. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To his Grace the Duke of Buckingham. 

Sir, 
In those glorious days, before the late intestine wars, 
I had the honour to be knowTi unto your Grace, and re- 
ceive your commands, when with the Royal Princes, ye, 
all in your infancy, were so earnestly incUned to armes,* 
that it seemed in some opinions to presage, Uke apperi- 
tions which foretell wars, by appearing in formal bodies 
skirmishing and fighting ; and your briske firing, Ughting 
to the thundring wars which suddenly broke out upon't. 



* It would seem, that the sons of Charles I., with young Buckingham 
and others, were regularly trained to military exercise. The supcrstitition, 
that when boys begin to form themselves into regiments in sport, it fore- 
tells civil war, was formerly very generally received. Carew, in his Sur\'ey 
of Cornwall, sayeth, that the Cornish commotion was Jbre-halsened, or pre- 
saged, by two parties of boys at the free-school of Trigge, who divided 
themselves into the factions of the old and new religion, and carried on the 
war until " one of the boyes converted the spill of an old candlestick to a 
gunne, charged it with powder and a stone, and (through misdiaunce or 
ungraciousness,) therewith killed a calf, whereupon the owner complayned, 
the master whipped, and the diversion ended." — The Survei/ of CornwaU, 
Book II. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 9 

and subverted the whole government, by reducing princes 
from their power, for pezants to rule and give lawes ; but 
as prodigious monsters have no second brood, can go no 
further, 

So wheePd about, eacli to their proper sphear, 
Princes and pezants, all right as ye were. 



10 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To his Grace the Duke of Albemarle. 

Sir, 
There are none, from the meanest of pezants to the 
greatest of princes, through all these three nations, but 
have (or ought to have) a perpetual devotion of love and 
honour for your Grace, as knowing whose offspring you 
are, that so highly obliged them to it: And now that 
your Grace is constituted our Captain-general, by the 
King and Fame's election, let all these men of ]\Iars imme- 
diat under your command, solemnly invoke ^^ith me that 
your Grace, in all your enterprises, may be as propitious 
as was your renowned father, in his great and glorious ac- 
tion of restoring the King into his three kingdoms at 
once, irrisistible by any force or power of the hosts of 
men in armes which were to oppose him. It was such a 
mistery as not to be exprest, but with admiration to the 
wisest, save only to those who knew it was foretold for 
many ages before it came so happily to pass, to redeem 
us from bondage. Yet all this seemes no more then a 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 11 

hint to what more may be said, which lie not presume, 
it being a work rather for some inspir'd author. All I 
pretend to is, that in obedience unto your Grace's com- 
mands, and zeale to my King's service, I dare dye at your 
heels, being 

Your Grace's most obedient 

Servant, and souldier to command, 

J. G, 



12 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To his Grace the Duke of Grafton. 

Sii?, 
Your high birth, grand imploys, and most personal 
aspect in your minor years, are exceeding remarkable, 
and speaks you mighty hopefull in the world ; yet all 
these singular graces, and rare good omens, seemes short 
to presage the happines that attends your Grace to that 
of your inate princely inchnation and natural genious, 
which so faithfully leads you to do such noble and gene- 
rous actions, as to indulge those brave persons under your 
commands to merit your favours ; to prefer men before 
money, and to have regard to justice, is the true way to 
honour : It is that which makes your Grace great in the 
eyes of all good men that knowes you, to have a residence 
in their harts, and hug'd in their affections. — These, and 
what other ornaments or endowments as you grow in 
years, may adde to your renown, and make you glorious, 
I would it were as your great parents would have it, or 
your own hart can wish it, is the real and harty devotion 
of 

J. G. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 13 



To the Right Honourable the Earle of Pembroke. 

My Lord, 
The fame that attends your Honour, for the noble and 
inestimable value you always have of gentlemen and brave 
persons, is such a princely generosity, as not to be paral- 
leled in this age, and creats an ambition in me, (as I am 
a shrub of your countrey,) most humbly to present unto 
your Honour, for your divertisment, these my faithful in- 
deavours, and ever constant resolution in all the late wars ; 
either to improve my service to my injur'd prince in his 
sufferings, or lye mort in the bed of honour amongst his 
martyrs : and how fairely I pusht to make it my doom, or 
accomplish my duty, the King, this manuscript, and the 
marks which makes me weather-wise, are my testimonys ; 
unto which I hope your Honour will be pleas'd to adde 
your kind approbation in my favour, of him, who is really 
devoted, 

Your Honour's most humble 

And harty servant, 

John Gwyn. 



14 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To the Right Honourable the Earle of 



My Lord, 
As your Honour, by an inate disposition, and constant 
fidelity, can well wdttnes that there is not that thing 
under heavens so choyce unto a faithfuU gallant person, 
then his king and countrey's honour : so in this account, 
of more then six times seven years' service to my king, 
both at home and abroad, I instance particular places 
where brave men, on that precious behalf, made it more 
dear and tender to them then were their lives they sacri- 
fis'd for't ; and as it is most liighly remarkable, and pass- 
ing great, in a noble heroic sense, must needs be pleasing 
unto your Honour, by a sympathy to know of these your 
native countreymens' perfect loyal devotion, and invin- 
cible spirits, which is more then rare to find in any other 

* The title is left blank in the manuscript. 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 13 

clymat that ever I knew or heard off: Therefore, my 
Lord, I humbly present these my account unto his Ma- 
jesty, likewise unto your Honour, as an acknowledgement 
of your former favours, and my ambition more effectual- 
ly to express it, if ever it lyes in the poor capacity of 

Your Honour's most humble 

And obHg'd servant, 

J. G. 



16 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To the Right Honourable his Majesty's Officers of the 
Board of Green Cloath. 

Were I invested in the command which is well known 
to be justly my right, I should now (at least) be the third 
field-officer in the royal regiment of Guards, who daily 
have the honour to guard his ^Majesty's sacred person, the 
Royal Famely, and their most honourable houshold : or 
had I attained to whatsoever of command above my me- 
ritts, yet truly I should ever own it a first faire step to 
preferment for me to have been bred in the nursery of 
your yong clearks at Court ; for they were allways liope- 
fuU in their imploys, as were their successive advance- 
ments honourable. Nor knew I any of th^m that re- 
pair'd to the royal armys, but came as brave and m orthi- 
ly to their commands, as whose ambition were soly devo- 
ted to honoiu- and the King's service : and, for myself, 
how I have improv'd my time, according to my poor ta- 
lent and trust reposed in me, presented the King, his 
Royal Highnes, and my general, each of them with a 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 17 

small manuscript, whereof this is another of the same, 
which I humbly offer unto your Honours' kind accept- 
ance as my obligation ; having for several years before the 
late unhappy wars served under your mannagement, to 
make me capable of succession amongst ye ; but for my 
military ingagement, which I was incourag'd to by princes, 
and which I hope you will all approve off, as the perusal 
of these the loyal endeavours, and real account of 

Your Honours' most humble servant, 

J. G. 



18 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To the Honourable Sir John Salsbwy, Knight and 
Bai'onet. 

Sir, 
Since it was highly my ambition, in the late wars, to 
serve under the command of the truly Honourable Colo- 
nel Sir Thomas Salsbury, Baronet, I do, from the great 
tender of service I shall ever own unto you, as being the 
son and heyr to his acquir'd parts and fortun, (and one 
of the props of my countrey,) humbly present unto your 
Honor, these, the unfained fruits of my prime of years 
spent in the King's service, which, though they are but of 
httle worth, yet they are from a great devotion ; and such, 
I presume, there are some lofty courtiers, that, before they 
would be bound for so many seven years together, to serve 
his Majesty in his military affaires, to gain those marks of 
honour I have got with bloud and wounds, and broaken 
bones, to merit their imploys, would rather quitt, to keepe 
whole in their skins : and it's probable, if occasion should 
require, there would more follow the example of the one 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 19 

in his choyce, that it is good to be sure, then the other, 
who the peeple condole with shaking of their heads at his 
misfortune. But hereafter, for a better incouragement of 
all such brave men as herein are mention'd, to regulate 
whatt's amiss, and the satisfaction of all loyal harts, I 
daily hope, and hartily implore, that the great wisdom of 
the King and his grand Council shaU, in due time, against 
all diabohcal plots and privy conspiracy, set all things to 
rightes, as a most glorious act of their happy meeting to 
so great a work, — is the fervent devotion of 

Your Honour's most humble 

And harty servant, 

J. G. 



20 PREFATORY LETTERS. 



To the Honourable Colonel 



Sir, 
In this small manuscript is an addition of something 
more then in that which I presented unto the King ; and 
I presume it would not be amiss his Majesty should know 
of its being the transactions of grand commanders, who, in 
the enfancy of the late wars, seem'd so much to indulge 
it, as to have it rather go on, to advance their ovm pri- 
vat intrest, then soon ended for the King and countrey's 
good. But, for the future, if the worst comes to the 
worst, to have wars againe, (which God forbid,) I hope 
all such ill presidence as those will be carefully avoyded, 
and, in their stead, may you be one, as already you have 
given a large testimony of your fidelity and courage ; and 
I wish that, by your proceedings, care and dihgence in 
your honourable commands, you gaine that ample expe- 
rience as may make you fully compleat in the general 
knowledge of allmihtary aflPaires ; for the King's more just 



PREFATORY LETTERS. 



21 



and faithful! service, for a better conduct in discipline 
then heretofore hath been, for the public good, and your 
own continual honour, I implore it, being 

Your Honour's most humble 

Servant to command. 



J. G. 



MEMOIRS 



JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTEK I. 



How the King, with his Army at Brainford, could not ad- 
vance any farther to the purpose towards London than 
he did, whatsoever were the reports.* 

The very first day that five comrades of us repaired 
from the Court at Kichmond to the King's royal army, 
which we met accidentally that morning upon Hounslow 



* Brainford, or Brentford, having been carried by a sudden attack by 
the King's party, the Earl of Essex, with the Trained Bands, endeavoured to 



24 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

Heath, we had no sooner put ourselves into rank and 
file, under the command of our worthy old acquaint- 
ance, Sir George Bunckley, (then Major to Sir Thomas 
Salsbury,) but we marched up to the enemy, engaged 
them by Sir Richard Winn's house, and the Thames side, 
beat them to retreat into Brainford, — beat them from 
the one Brainford to the other, and from thence to the 
open field, with a resolute and expeditious fighting, that 
after once firing suddenly to advance up to push of pikes 
and the butt-end of muskets, which proved so fatal to 
Holies his butchers and dyers that day, that abun- 
dance of them were killed and taken prisoners, besides 
those drowned in their attempt to escape by leaping in- 
to the river.. — And at that very time were come a great 
recruit of men to the enemy, both by land and water, 
from Windsor and Kingston : And it happened that 
Sir Charles Lloyd, or some other engineer, to blow up a 
barge loaden with men and ammunition, which, as the 



cover the city of London; and although his forces were two to one against 
the royaUsts, it was a common opinion, that if the King had advanced to 
the charge, the city regiments would have given way, and he might have 
entered London in triumph. But Clarendon, as well as our author, alle- 
ges, that, to make the attempt, would have been an act of madness, which 
even success could not have vindicated. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 25 

fearful crack it gave, and the sad aspect upon't, struck 
such a terror into the rest of the recruits, that they all 
vanisht, and we better satisfied with their room than their 
company. Nor can any thing of a souldiar or an impar- 
tial man say, that we might have advanced any further 
to the purpose towards London than we did, in regard of 
the thick inclosures, with strong hedges and ditches, so 
lined with men as they could well stand one by another ; 
and on the common road and other passes, were planted 
their artillery, with defencible works about them, that 
there was no coming at them any nearer, upon so great a 
disadvantage, to do any more than we did, and withal con- 
sidering that they were more than double our number ; 
therefore the King withdrew, and marched for Hamp- 
ton-Court, where, for my farther incouragement, I had 
the colours conferred upon me, to go on as I had begun. 
I cannot omit observing, that had Essex his right wing 
of horse, which stood upon more ground than the King 
had horse to face them, wheeled to the left to join with 
the foot that came from Windsor and Kingston, and fallen 
on the King's rear, he might have gone to London nolens 
volens. 

D 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER II. 

How Sir Arthur Ashton, Governor of Reading, came to be 
speechless towards the latter part of the Siege, and what 
ensued upon it. 

From Hampton-Court, his Majesty marched for Read- 
ing, fortified it, made it a garrison, and Sir Arthur Ash- 
ton governor, who, upon receipt of a letter upon the Cas- 
tle-hill guard, and looking about him, said, " Here are 
none but I may safely communicate the contents of my 
letter unto ;" — then arose from his chayr, broake up his 
letter, and went out of door to peruse it, when there was 
no necessity, as want of light or any thing else ; but, as 
his hasty fate would have it, for he had scarce a minute's 
time to look it over, but a cannon-shot came through the 
guard-house, and drives the tyles about, that one fell up- 
on his head and sunk him almost to the ground before 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 27 

Colonel Lunsford and another officer catcht him by both 
armes,* held him up, brought him into the guard-house, 
put him into his chayr, then presently he layed his hand 
on his head, under his cap, and faintly said, " My head's 
whole, I thank God ;" and spoke no more there at that 
time, but immediately was carried away to his house in 
the town, where, during the rest of the siege, he was 
speechless ;f and a considerable time after the garrison 
was surrendered ; then they broak their conditions with 
us, and plundered us. Then Colonel Fielding, deputy-go- 
vernor, commanded in chief, who was accused for betray- 
ing of the garrison, and condemned to dye at Oxford. 

*As Doctor Jones prest to come near the governor, a tile fell upon his 
head, broake it, and Qt]] bled freely. — Original Note. 

•f- Clarendon suggests, that Ashton was silent out of policy, not chusing 
to give command in the state in which he found himself, or not liking the 
situation of the besieged : at least, adds the noble historian, " when he came 
to Oxford, he could speak as reasonably of any matter as ever I knew him 
before or afterwards." 



28 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER III. 
How Reading was betrayed by Fielding. 

When Colonel Fielding treated with the enemy for 
the surrender of the garrison, when there was neither 
want of men, provision, armes, or ammunition, there was 
sent Captain Whitehead, our scoutmaster-general, and 
with him went three more commission-officers, for Ox- 
ford, to acquaint the King ^nth it.* His ^Majesty was 
surprised when he heard on't, knowing this frontier gar- 
rison to be of a grand consequence, and to have in it as 
many brave old commanders as was thought to be in all 
the army besides, sent his positive and strict orders to the 
governor, and the rest of the officers, that they should 

* Clarendon says there were but forty barrels of powder in the town. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 29 

take no further notice of whatsoever conference past be- 
tween them and the enemy, relating to the garrison, but 
that they should be in readiness to stand in their own de- 
fence, if occasion should require, and upon such a day, 
(nameing it, and, as near as he could compute it, the hour 
of two in the afternoon,) he would come with his army to 
the relief of us. To second and confirm this his resolu- 
tion, he was pleased to send a packet by one that swoom 
the river to bring it to the governor, who so much slight- 
ed it, as not to give the least obedience to it at either 
times ; nor when the King came punctually the day pre- 
fixt, with his army, to the relief of us, (and some hours 
sooner than was mentioned, for the King had engaged the 
enemy by nine or ten of the clock in the morning at Cau- 
sam Bridge,) yet Fielding was no more concerned at it 
than if he had been but a neuter to look on and see them 
fight ; and although they broak their truce with us on the 
other side of the town, in shooting thrice at our royal 
sconce with their great guns, yet he would not stir, nor 
consent to make any opposition against them ; which is a 
sufficient demonstration that he designed to render up 
the garrison quietly to the enemy, as I heard some years 
after in the remote island of Shetland, upon a discourse 



30 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

with one Harvey, a captain in Sir William Johnson's re- 
giment, under Marquis Montrose, who told me, that at 
the siege of Eeading he was a Keutenant in Essex his 
life guards, and had the guard upon his tent two several 
nights, when he saw Fielding go into it to him ; and he 
assured me, that there was nothing more sure than that 
the garrison was betraid * 

That of Harvey's relation, I presume, was over and 
above what was in the charge objected against Fielding, 
when he was condemned to dye, (though afterwards par- 
doned,) nor would I instance it, but for the inchnation I 
have to render the great probabihty, that when there was 
as much corruption in the army as in the garrison, in 
them, (whatsoever they were that dissuaded the King 
from his own better judgment and conduct, for he was 
for coming to the reUef of the garrison, though Essex's 
army was 18,000 strong,) and engage the enemy the same 
side the river they were on, and take the conveniency of 
his own time, which would have been a whole night's 



* Notwithstanding these vague reports, Fielding continued in the King's 
service, and exposed his person with alacrity on all occasions. Yet he never 
recovered from the blemish of the imputation ; so fatal is misfortune, and 
so difficult it is to cleanse the sullied reputation of a soldier. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 31 

march ; and the next day, possibly, might have been so 
near as to interpose between several of their troops and 
drawing up into any great body, being they were quar- 
tered far distant one from another ; and, as it may well be 
supposed, their artillery signified but little, for they could 
not be hurried over hedges and ditches so fast as to any 
purpose ; and then they must have wanted seven or eight 
thousand of their foot, which was to man their works, 
and line that was of so large a circumference to keep us 
in play within : and by that and the Hke means, it would 
have been very hopeful for the King to succeed against 
them, and by it preventing the unhappy event that fol- 
lowed by so much ignorance, if not altogether corrup- 
tion ; for they brought the King to ingage the enemy, 
and put the broad deep river of Thames between them, 
and so to confine his army of horse, foot, and artillery, to 
march over a narrow straight pass, (not much bigger than 
a salley-port,) of an old wooden bridge, which was within 
cannon-shot of the enemy's works, and over which there 
could not march above five, or six at the most, in a breast, 
and would have taken the remainder of this day to do it ; 
and then they must have drawn the van of their army 
close to the enemy's works, and the rere upon the brink 



32 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

of the river banke, and yet not have ground enough to 
draw up an army, if it had been so done as it was not, 
for the enemy raised a breast-work and a battery against 
the bridge-end, and the commanded party, or forlorn- 
hope of the King's army, desperately attempted to force 
over the bridge against the cannons mouth, and great 
bodies of small-shot, which cut them off as fast as they 
came * 

The King was highly troubled at it, and to find that 
he was over-persuaded to come the ^vrong way of doing 
any good, drew off and marched away, with the loss of 
two or three hundred men, rather than throw away any 
more of his army upon impossibiHties. 

And it was much that Essex had not shewTi more of his 
mihtary art (if he had it) and let the King's army march 
over the bridge, and draw up in bodies or into what num- 
ber he pleased; for they must have been at his devo- 
tion, since he might have planted his artillery upon a line, 
and made quick work with them that had no work, nor 
no kind of defence for themselves than to expose their 

* The Earl of Brentford (Ruthven) attempted, at the head of a thousand 
musketeers, to force a passage through Essex's lines, but miscarried, with 
the loss of many men. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 33 

naked bodies against a whole train of artillery, and an ar- 
my of small shot, for they could bring their armies of 
horse and foot in the rear of their artillery, and face the 
town at once, for any danger in their flanks or rere, 
which was as much advantage to them as they could well 
propose to themselves to have, if they understood it. — 
Much more may be spoke to this ; but, in fine, was ever 
known so gross and shameful an undertaking, under the 
notion of conduct, as to bring an army to the relief of a 
place when it lay in the power of one of the enemy to 
baffle that army ; for one man might have cut down an 
arch of the bridge, or unplank it, and so make it inacces- 
sible, before the King with his army could come near it : 
and which way, then, could he come over with it, had it 
been ever so advantageous to him, as it was apparently 
destructive? 



34 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER IV. 

How we failed, (as it was then generally reported^ in the 
Taking of Ghucestei-, ivhidt was of so grand consequence. 

I was at the siege of Gloucester, where then it was re- 
ported, that had there been as much care taken in ma- 
king one mine ready,* as was in making of the other two 
which stayed for it, probably we had carried the town, 
and consequently put a period to a great deal of farther 



* We learn, from a tract drawn up by Massey the governor, upon the mi- 
litary government of Gloucester during the siege, that the royalists sunk a 
mine opposite to the east gate of the town, from which they were driven by 
a desperate sally : Also, that they renewed their efforts, and, notwithstand- 
ing the springs, run a new mine under the moat ; while the garrison, by 
counter-mining, endeavoured to let down the water upon them, or to get at 
and steal away the powder from the chamber of their mine. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 35 



trouble ; and had not Essex come that very day he did 
to the relief of it, the land-flood, which, by a great glut 
of rain fell that night, had made all our labour in vain, 
and we forced to remove the next day. 



36 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER V. 

First Engagement at Newberry. Newberry Fight was not 
quite ended, until, in the Pursuit of Essex, we took Read- 
ing. 

And when we drew off, it proved to be a most miser- 
able tempestuous, rainy weather, that few or none could 
take little or no rest on the hills where they were ; and the 
ceasing winds next morning soon dried up our through-wet 
clothes we lay pickled in all night, (as a convenient wash- 
ing of us at our coming from the trenches ;) and we made 
such haste in pursuit of Essex's army, that there was an ac- 
count given of fifteen hundred foot quite tired and spent, 
not possible to come up to their colours before we enga- 
ged the enemy ; and a night or two before, we lost two 
regiments of horse, (Kentish men, and new raised regi- 
ments,) which were surprised and taken prisoners in their 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 37 

quarters ; and what was worse, in most men's opinion, we 
were like to drop down every step we made with want of 
sleepe; yet, notwithstanding, we marcht on still, until 
the evening we overtook the enemy's army at Newberry 
Towns end ; then our quarter-masters, with their party, 
beat their quarter-masters and their parties of horse out 
of the town, and very early in the morning gave them 
battell* 



* Essex having relieved Gloucester, was desirous to return tc London, 
without hazarding an action, but was followed by the King, and compelled 
to fight at Newbury. The firmness of the London Trained Bands, (so 
.much the objects of dramatic ridicule,) saved his army, and enabled him 
to retreat without much loss. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTEKVI. 

How the Devizes was taken, the rather by the absence of 
those who were obliged to come unto it, and did not. 

I WAS in the garrison of the Devizes, where Fairfax 
and Cromwell were at a stand whether they had best 
meddle with us, until they came to understand that the 
horse in quarters thereabout were not come into it, 
which upon all occasion were obliged. Then they laid 
close siege to us. One or two souldiers had run over 
the works to the enemy, and informed them how all 
things stood with us, or they had not besieged us — 
The enemy, w^ith incessant peales of muskets, great 
guns, and mortar-pieces, played upon us, that it past us 
all day and niglit at our hue, without the least reserve, 
that we could do no more, ^vhen we might have done bet- 
ter with our expected numbers, we resigned. I ha\4ng 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 39 

tlhe guard by the river side, and standing by Sir Jacob 
Ashley, a bearded arrow stuck into the ground betwixt 
his legs. He pluckt it out with both hands, and said, 
" You rogues, you mist your aim."* 

* This is perhaps the last mention of the use of the bow and arrow in 
England in actual battle. In Montrose's wars, many of the remote High- 
landers continued to act as archers ; but in England, the once formidable 
long bow had, in the middle of the seventeenth century, fallen into almost 
total desuetude. 



40 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER VII. 

How Twenty-Seven Officers and Reformads ivent design- 
edly Ten Miles upon the Downes, to Charge the Rear- 
Guard of an Army^ Singing and Fighting. 

When the King marcht mth his army from Oxford to 
Killington Green, to attend Essex and Waller's motion, 
it appeared their design was to go to the west, as they 
did, though they divided their armies and marcht seve- 
ral ways, as thought would be most convenient for their 
better accommodation, being asunder ; yet stiU they fol- 
lowed one another westward, and we followed after them, 
and beat them one after another, which would have been 
a harder task for us to do had they kept together, as it 
was admired they did not. Two accidents occurred at 
this time to us. A party of the enemy's horse marcht 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 41 

amongst us, as some of our own men, call Mr Sackfield 
out of his quarters, mount him, and steal him away. Al- 
so a souldier's bandileer, who guarded the colours, tooke 
fire, and went off in a heat, which made an incredible 
confusion amongst us. 



42 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

How we overtook Wallei'^s Army, which we engaged and 
beat. 

At Crobedery Bridge, and thereabouts, we overtook 
Waller's army, which we engaged and beat, took Wemes, 
general of their artillery, prisoner ; and withal took his 
leather guns, which proved very serviceable to the King * 
The second Newberry fight at Dolman's House, and, my 
going a volunteer with my worthy friend Major Richard 
Lloyd, who was upon a commanded party, was worth to 
my Lord Caulfield his Ufe that day, for just as he came 
out of the mill, stript and wounded, a lusty souldier was 



* These small brass and leather guns, seven in number, were mounted 
in barricadoes of wood, each of which stood on wheels, and thus formed a 
species of moving battery. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 43 

fetching of a desperate blow with the butt-end of his 
musket, to make an end of him, which of a sudden I pre- 
vented, and made him prisoner upon the top of the hill 
by the windmiU. He was examined before the King, and 
declared he was Lord Caulfield's son, of Ireland, and a 
cornet in the Parhament service : And Wemes was se- 
verely rebuked by his Majesty for deserting his service, 
and to come in arms against him * 



* Wemyss had been created by Charles master-gunner of England, with 
a pension of 8001. a-year, which, as he was a Scotchman, gave some dis- 
taste to the English. Nevertheless he embraced the cause of the Parlia- 
ment very keenly, and became master of Essex's ordnance. He seems to 
have been an engineer of some invention and ingenuity, supposing him to 
be the same Colonel James Wemyss, to whom, in 1661, the Scottish Parlia- 
ment granted a monopoly of " several inventions of light ordnance, throw- 
ing from ane quarter of ane pund bullet to ane demi-cannon that carries 
ane threttie-twa pund shot, ar\d other engines of war, as mortar-pieces, pil- 
lards, sufficient experience whereof was seen at Gogar fight, Lerber Bridge, 
and elsewhere ;" allowing to him, as inventor, the exclusive sale thereof to 
subjects and strangers for the space of " three nineteen years.*" 



U MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER IX. 

How the King's impaired Army, after beating two several 
Armies one after another, after eocceedingly hardMarches; 
and after his Majesty had commanded Fifteen Hundred 
Horse to the relief of Banbury, luas e?igaged by Three 
fresh Armies, and engaged in his Royal Person. 

Having thus cleared the way, we arrived with less 
trouble into Cornwall, where likewise we routed Essex, 
took all his army of enfantry prisoners, ^^ith armes, &m- 
munition, and artillery, and sent him packing to sea; 
whereupon it was conceived to be farr easier for us to 
have defeated his forlorn shattered cavalrey, being left to 
shift for themselves, than it was to defeat them both in 
their united strength, as we did, or at least to have forst 
them to imbrace such conditions as was by capitulation 
made in that country by Lord Hopton and Fairfax, and 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 45 

then it had been impossible for them (like Hydras) to 
have so increased into three armies, as they did when 
they met the King in his return from Cornwall, the 
second Newberry fight. The King in his speech to 
Heading soldiers, desired that his word of a Prince might 
be kept inviolably, though they break their conditions, 
saying, " What is't but a rebel dare do ?"* 



* The author alludes to the capitulation of Reading, which was ill ob- 
served by the Roundheads. But, notwithstanding the expressions in the 
text, this breach of treaty was made frequently a plea for retaliation when 
the Royalists found an opportunity : And this led on each side to repeated 
breaches of articles of surrender or treaty. 



46 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER X. 

How, upon some Engagements, that Ejcercise which your 
Majesty, in your junior Years, was often pleased to com- 
mand me to practice before you, hath, under God, preser- 
ved me ivhen there was no other visible help. 

At Newberry first fight, when we beat the enemy up- 
on all disadvantage, from the town's end to the top of the 
hill by the heath, a wing of Essex his horse moving gently 
towards us, made us leave our execution upon the enemy, 
and retreat into the next field, where were several gaps 
to get to it, but not direct in my way ; yet, with the co- 
lours in my hand, I jumpt over hedge and ditch, or I had 
died by multitude of hands. We kept this field until 
midnight, and until some intelligence came that Essex 
was marcliing away >nth a great part of his army, and 
that he had buried a great many of his great guns by two 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 47 

of the clock in the afternoon. Near unto this field, upon 
the heath, lay a whole file of men, six deep, with their 
heads all struck off with one cannon shot of ours. We 
pursued Essex in his retreat, took Heading without oppo- 
sition, made it a garrison, and Sir Jacob Ashley gover- 



48 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XI. 

How Manchester; with his Army of Seven Thousand Horse 
and Foot, {when Cromwell tvas his Lieutenant-Genei'al,) 
were most shamefully beaten out of the Field by a Party 
of Fourteen Hundred commanded Men out of the King's 
Army. 

The second Newberry fight, we drew up upon the 
same ground which the enemy fought us upon the first 
battle. After our long march from Cornwall, and great 
want of intelligence, we were exposed unavoidably to 
fight three fresh armies, which waylaid the King to op- 
pose his march ; whereupon a most remarkable piece of 
service was done by the great contrivance of IMajor-Ge- 
neral Lord Ashley, and great performance of eight hun- 
dred foot, commanded by Colonel Thelwell ; four hundred 
foot, commanded by Sir Eichard Page, at Dolman's House ; 



k 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 49 

two hundred horse, commanded by Sir George Lysle, in 
the interval between Dolman's House and the field Thel- 
wall was in. These fourteen hundred thus posted, beat 
off twice Manchester's army of seven thousand horse and 
foot ; and at their third and last onset, beat them clear 
out of the field, and stript abundance of them. Some 
fewe hours after, my Lord Ashley marcht away with us 
by moonshine, and of necessity, through a narrow filthy 
pass of puddle and mire, just by the hedge-side that 
parted us and the two armies, Essex and Waller's, who 
were as quiet as if they had taken the same opportunity 
of drawing off too, and doubtless would have been forst 
to it, had not the King commanded fifteen hundred prime 
horse to the relief of Bambury, when it was too late to 
call them back to our assistance, and for us to avoid fight- 
ing, being so strangely surprised as we were : but, I pre- 
sume, that a forst putt was never better managed, nor 
came off with more honour, as to beat one army away, the 
other two out of the way, and so cleared our way, lodged 
our artillery at Denington Castle, and marcht for Oxford. 



50 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XII. 

How a Party of Three Hundred Men made a Salley upon 
a Regiment of Fifteen Hundred, and, after a long Dis- 
pute, beat them clear out of the Field. 

The day before the second Newbery fight, when the 
King had made an end of his march, and was incampt 
about three or four of the clock in the afternoon, \nthin 
a mile and an half (or thereabouts) of XeAvbery, news 
came that Eambury was besieged ; whereupon his ]\Iajes- 
ty was pleased to command the Earle of Northampton to 
go with his brigade of fifteen hundred liorse to the rehef 
of it ; when, in the mean time, the King, for his own part, 
I dare swear, knew not in the least, nor did not in the 
least suspect, that on the other side of the to^^^l were 
three armies, drawn up upon the most advantageous 
ground they could pitch and chuse, to fight liim ; had his 
Majesty received but the least hint of this, certainly he 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 51 

would not have so much weakened his impaired harassed 
army, after the defeating of two armies, soon one after 
another, and after the loss of so many men killed and 
wounded, as to part with fifteen hundred of his best 
horse, when the very next day he was perforce to fight 
the three armies which waylaid him, and withal was con- 
ducted into a trap, which the enemy had laid to do it. 
Howsoever it came about, for when the King marcht with 
his army faire and orderly through the town, into the 
spacious Spinham Lands there, he drew up, as near as he 
possibly could be, in the centre of his enemies ; for right 
before him were posted Essex and Waller's armies, drawn 
up in the enclosures, and in ambushes of hedges and 
ditches, and fronted with cannon to maintain that pass. 
On his right wing was Manchester's army of seven thou- 
sand, (some of themselves have declared that they were 
ten thousand,) to wheel and fall on his rere. On his left 
wing was the deep river, as considerable as another army, 
to inclose and hem him in amongst them as they did. — 
His Majesty, being thus pinfolded with walls of armed men, 
every way ready to execute their fury upon him when he 
did but stir, advanced, with the major part of his army, 
against the cannon's mouth, to get to charge the two 



52 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

armies, which were so strongly linked together against 
him; and at their encounter, there was very hot fiery 
dispute, that the thundering peales and volleys of great 
and small guns, were sufficient sign for INIanchester and 
CromweU to fall on the King's rere with their army of 
seven thousand, as they did very boldly, desperately 
fought it, and were most wonderfully paid off, by fourteen 
hundred commanded men out of his Majesty's army, as 
before mentioned. All this while the King was laying 
on with all eagerness imaginable, to beat through the 
two armies, which were so wickedly stubborn and obsti- 
nate, that they rather made to a head, and forst him back 
further and further into Spinham Lands, that both the 
enemies armies were in the open field at close fight ^^•ith 
the King and his army, and put them so hard to it, that his 
Majesty was engaged in his royal person, General Ruthin 
wounded fighting by his side, and several persons of quali- 
ty killed by them * This height of extremity the King was 



* The enemy carried the village of Speen at the first onset ; and their 
right wing of horse advanced with such fury as to disorder those of the 
Xing. Even the presence of Chai*les himself could not restrain his cavalry 
from giving ground ; and his own person had been in great danger, but 
for a gallant and desperate charge made by the Queen's regiment of horse, 
under command of Sir John Causfield. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 53 

in, did so exasperate the great spirit of his approved brave 
cavahers, that they fell on with invincible courage, and 
pouthered them back into their enclosures of hedges and 
ditches. Then the night drew on, and parted us with a 
seeming joint consent on both sides, for we marcht away 
with our army all night by them, and they did not in the 
least disturb us, nor we gave them no occasion in the 
least for it ; and so we came off to admiration. The next 
morning we marcht for Oxford, not without some skir- 
mishing in the rere. If Manchester had any good incli- 
nations towards the King, why did he accept of Crom- 
well for his Lieutenant-general, who was so inveterate an 
enemy to the King and his government ? 



54 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

The Author's Impartiality sheitm in his Defence of 
Manchester and Cromwell* 

The Parliament needed not to question Manchester 
or Cromwell for that day's work, though it rendered a 
foul suspicion in their conduct, to be so shamefully 
beaten ; but it clearly appeared they were outdone in sol- 
diership and policy ; for when they, with their army, first 
marcht over the ground, and had the full survey of it, 
they did not so weU apprehend the advantage that was 
to be made of it, as did our major-general. Lord Ashley, 
who, from his great experience and quick apprehension, 
had no sooner cast his eye upon't, but he manned those 
places, and presently commands a great body of horse to 
stand as a blind between us and the enemy, and picqueer 



* The title is ironical. The author only defends'them against the charge 
of being false to what he considered as their disloyal cause. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 55 

with them. In the meantime, Colonel Thelwell was ma- 
king up of the gaps in the quickset-hedge, which he was 
to maintaine, and making of the ditch under it deeper 
and wider ; Sir George Lysle and Sir Richard Page were 
fixing of themselves, as well as they could, at their posts. 
Then orders were given to Thelwell not to give fire up- 
on the enemy until they came within a pike's length of 
him. Sir Richard Page needed no such orders, for they 
came near to him as they moved by : nor could they 
come to charge Sir George Lysle but through the enemy's 
fire, for Sir Richard Page,* with his leather guns, loaden 
with key-shot, and his four hundred musketters in the 
dry moate, plaid between the pailes upon the flanks of 
them ; and Thelwell, with his body of musketters, like- 
wise played through the quickset-hedge in their teeths, 
that made a heavy slaughter among them, maymed and 
so disabled them, that they came in disorder to charge 
Sir George Lysle, which made him the better able to de- 
fend himself against so powerful an opposition : And it 



* Sir Richard Page was advantageously posted in a castellated and 
moated mansion, called Stone-House, which Cromwell and Manchester's 
forces were compelled to pass in advancing to the attack. 



56 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

is observable, that sometimes great commanders have mis- 
carried, in too much slighting of an enemy, and trusting 
to their own strength : and it is very Hke those two com- 
manders were under the same mistake, deceived as pre- 
suming too much in their exceeding number of men, 
which, in all probabiUty, might fairly promise them vic- 
tory, having on their side more than six to one the odds 
of it ; and withal knew, that at the same instant the King 
was hotly ingaged in close fight with the other two ar- 
mies, which were so severe upon him, that he was forst 
to send for my Lord Hopton to come to his assistance, 
who was a reserve to Sir George Lysle ; and he could as 
ill spare him at that time, that it was thought impossible 
for him to be without him or some other reserve : But 
that Sir George did wonders to maintain his post ^^-ith that 
party of his own men, without a reserve, and so bravely in- 
couragedthemto stick close to him (theKingbeingingaged 
in the next field in his royal person,) that he threw off his 
upper garments to charge in his shirt, whereupon they all 
unanimously, as one man of one mind, resolved to Hve and 
die with him upon the spot, fought it courageously, and 
came off victoriously ; and if Essex and Manchester de- 
served the name of having any kindness for the King, as 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 57 

it was rumoured amongst us, they could not have a bet- 
ter opportunity to express it than in that time at New- 
bery ; for they were the ParHament's strength and mas- 
ters, if they pleased to do the King and themselves the 
right as to own it ; nor they never before had so much of 
clear and undoubted reason to know their own palpable 
errors, and his goodness and clemency, for there were 
some thousands of soldiers fought against him that day, 
who knew very well that the King very lately had given 
them their lives in Cornwall, when it lay justly in his 
power to cut them all off, banish them, or imprison them, 
and did neither, but bid them go home and be honest 
men ; and rather than they would do so, did according to 
an old proverb, — " Save a thief from the gallows, a?id he 
will hang you if he can ;" so they doubled and trebled 
their forces, to come and cut him off, and had sacrificed 
him that day, to all men's opinion, but that it was more 
God's will to defend him, than any kindnes they shewed 
him* 



* Essex and Manchester were true and honourable servants to the cause 
which they had espoused. But, like all men of worth and wisdom, they 
were desirous of peace ; and the knowledge that they were so, occasioned 
rumours to arise that they had a secret inclination towards the King. 

H 



58 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Further Argument on the Second Battle of Newbery. 

And though the King beat Essex, made him fly for't, 
tooke all his army of foote prisoners, and, from his too 
much tenderness and pity, remitted them ; yet there was 
no reason that any should persuade his Majesty that then 
he was secure from having any more enemies in England, 
since there were forces in the north against him, — since 
Waller, with his beaten army, hastened for London to 
recruit, — since Manchester and Cromwell were about Lon- 
don, with an army ready, — and since some of the King's 
great commanders did no better than play booty, to let 
Essex his remnant of shattered horse go after his foot, 
saying, "Ever make a golden bridge for your enemy." 
So when the King could have blockt up all the laneVend 
they were to march through with his artillery, face them 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 59 

with his army, and send such conditions as his Majesty 
should think expedient, which must needs be acceptable, 
considering his abundant goodness, and their own forlorn 
desperate condition at that present ;* they let them go by 
consent after their foot to recruit, which they did with 
so much haste and great performance, that before the 
King, with his army, could march from Cornwall, within 
a Httle more than a mile of Newbery, the enemy's armies, 
all three, were come on the other side of the town, and 
there stayed, lurking in obscurity, till the King marcht in- 
to their mouths, for he drew up within their armes of 
pikes and muskets, that he could not stirr neither front, 



* The author here and elsewhere alludes to the success of Charles at 
Saltash, in Cornwall, where Essex was reduced to such extremity, that he 
himself escaped by sea; and although Balfour, by a very able mancEuvre, car- 
ried off his horse, whilst almost surrounded by the King's army, the foot, 
under Skippon, were left to make such conditions as they could. Claren- 
don allows there was great oversight in permitting the escape of the caval- 
ry ; but contends, that in allowing favourable terms to the infantry, he pro- 
ceeded with prudence as well as clemency. Yet, if the King could have 
compelled these seven thousand men, for they were no fewer, to surrender 
on discretion, there seemed little wisdom in allowing them to march off in 
the condition and character of an army. 



60 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

flank, or rere, but upon their fire ; and had it not been 
for his great fighting, and more for the great providence 
that attended him in that imminent danger, he had not 
come off so well as he did. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 61 



CHAPTER XV. 

Retreat after the Second Fight of Newbery, and Reflections 
thereon. 

And the messenger that came to the King by New- 
bery, and brought him intelligence that Bambury was 
besieged, might as well at the same instant tell him, that 
on the other side of the town were three armys waylaid 
him ; then, perhaps, he had thought fitt to keep on the 
same side the town he was on, and plant some of his great 
guns against the town's end and the river side, and let 
the enemy that pursued him fall on upon his cannon's 
mouth (if they liked it) rather than do as he did, fall 
upon theirs ; and if the King did approve of so doeing, 
then he could easily march away that night, and send to 
his army at Oxford, and to the Earl of Northampton, to 
come and meet him where he thought convenient. All 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



that the enemy could do that night, was to disperse or- 
ders for the three armies to make ready for a march the 
next morning, which had been a great trouble to de- 
camp, bring off their carriages, draw up and march 
through the narrow town, and then draw up on the other 
side of it, which would take up most part of the day, and 
give the King almost a day and a night's march before 
them, to meet his other army : and, if the enemy durst 
hazard one of their armies to interpose (if they could) be- 
tween the King's army from Oxford, and meeting with 
him, then he could better fight with two armies than 
with three, and upon his own choyce of ground, and the 
assistance of the brave Earl of Northampton, ^^^th his 
brigade of fifteen hundred brave horse : and questionless 
the army from Oxford had rather ingage one of the ene- 
my's armies, than keep off and let them all three at once 
fall upon the King, as they did at this second Newbery 
fight, by the strange conduct of them who marcht away 
with the King and his army from Cornwall, as far as to 
Newbery ; as if he had been blind and deaf that he could 
neither see nor hear of an enemy until he coidd not march 
a field further, but must stumble upon them for any no- 
tice he had of them. 



ME:\rOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 63 



CHAPTER XVI. 

Third Engagement at Newhery. 

The third Newbery, we went for our artilery, and 
with a resolution to fight, if we found the enemy to ap- 
pear so too ; for we fairely drew up, and we offered them 
battel ; but they declin'd it, — only skirmisht a little insig- 
nificantly, and we at leasure marcht away with our arti- 
lery. 

A Parliament officer of my acquaintance, who was then 
there, told me the reason why they would not engage 
with us, was, because one of their armies was commanded 
away. 



64 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



- CHAPTER XVII. 
The Author's gallantry at the Devizes. 

When a party of Waller's horse beat up our quarters 
at the Devizes, and furiously scour'd the streets, giving no 
quarters to any souldiers they mett, then I run and leapt 
across the street of such a sudden bye them as to escape 
both their swords and pistols, when they killed Captain 
Jones, with others, and shot Ensign Garroway in the 
neck. 

And to be quitt with them, a knot of my own asso- 
ciats, officers and reformads, belonging to the garrison, 
came to pass away an hour or two with me at my quar- 
ters, and there contracted to make a party, to go and fall 
upon Waller's rear-guard at Marlborough town end : and 
withall strictly resolv'd, that not a word should be spoaken 
after once their swords were drawn, but all to march on 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 65 

in order, and unanimously to sing a brisk lively tune, (be- 
ing a great part of their design) and so to fall on singing 
as they did ;* beat the enemy, and pursued them through 
the town at mid-day, and market-day too; which so rejoic'd 
a number of loyal-hearted market-people, that their loud 
shouts gave an apprehension as if an army had come to se- 
cond them. This strong alarm did so discompose their 
whole campe, that this small party had time enough to 
make good their long retreat, and to bring with them their 
well deserved prize they so bravely fought for, of prisoners, 
horse, and armes, without the loss of a man, and but one 
or two slightly wounded. Upon a retreat of a salley from 
Farrington, when one Mr Juell, (an accompHsht gen- 
tleman,) and a corporal of the garrison, fail'd to jumpe 
over a broad deepe ditch under the enemy's works, were 
both kiU'd, I jumpt just after them, and quite over, or I 
might have been anatomiz'd, as Mr Jewell was. 



* The music of this air is given at the end. It greatly resembles the 
Scotch tune of " Up in the morning early." 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

Of a Salley I made upon a guard of Fifty of the Enemy, 
kilVd, wounded, and tooke Prisoners all but One or Two, 
in less than Three Minutes time. 

Upon a discourse with Sir William Courteney, (then 
Governor of Farington,) who told me he was really per- 
suaded that I had an antipathy against a runaway cava- 
lier ; and that there was fifty or sixty of them kept a guard 
in the Town Pesthouse, and asked of me if I would take 
a party and go and correct them, for deserting the King's 
service to turn rebels, I embrac'd it, and presently went 
upon the battrey to see what way best I might go to 
work ; and by my observations, I could not apprehend 
any way possible of doing any good against them, for the 
Pesthouse was some three hundred paces distant from any 
part of our works. It had but one door, which was three 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 67 

quarters made up with sods, full of musket loop-holes ; 
they had works and guards on that side of the town, with- 
in a coyt's cast of ours, that we could not stir but they 
must know of it ; and then they had a party of horse day 
and night attending at the maine-guard upon all occasions. 
These objections I would not make, though very excu- 
sably I might, to Sir William Courteney, or to any of 
them, for their advice ; but went on my own way, being it 
was put upon me : And as I concluded with myself that 
there was but one way for it, that I took, hitt or miss. 
And it happned to be as I conjectur'd ; for, by a flash of 
fire which came so low from the house, and the help of a 
perspective-glass, I made a discovery that the musket 
loop-holes were but breast-high without, and therefore, of 
consequence, must be so within. Then I went to the Go- 
vernor, and told him that I was now ready for his com- 
mands, and that I would have every musketeer to load 
his musket with three carabine-balls made into cartrages ; 
and likewise told the souldiers to file and run after me as 
fast as they could, and round the house, stooping under 
the musket loop-holes, which we presently commanded 
from the enemy, and pour'd in shott so fast, that they im- 
mediately cry'd out for quarters, which they had ; and in 



68 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

that short time of action their horse came to their reHef, 
and in a manner charg'd our horse, which were my re- 
serve, who shrunk a Httle, that I had been lost, being so 
far in the rere of the party that was going away with the 
prisoners, but for twelve or fourteen brave men of my 
special friends, who were resolv'd to bring me off, or fall 
themselves. 






MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

The Author's Loyalty at Faringdon. 

At the surrender of Faringdon, (which was the same 
with Oxford condition,) where were two hundred lusty 
souldiers offered to take their fortun with me whereso- 
ever I went or ingag'd, which made the enemy tender a 
Field-Officer's command unto me, if I would bring with 
me those men, and take up arms with them, to go against 
the Scotts ;* or if I came aloan, I should have a com- 
pany, being so well known amongst them upon several 



* This may have been when the King was with the Scots army at New- 
castle, and when a breach seemed probable betwixt them and the English 
Parliament ; for so matters stood when Oxford and Faringdon were surren- 
dered. — Or more probably at a later period, when the Scots army entered 
England, under the Duke of Hamilton, to prevent the trial and execution 
of the King. 



70 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

accounts, and withall urg'd several arguments to diswad 
me from having any thoughts that the Scotts army came 
to do the King any service, whatsoever they pretend- 
ed; but their invitation upon that account did not at 
all relish with me, though I had neither lands, goods, nor 
tenements, to reheve myself, nor friends or relations, 
that I knew where to find, or how they stood affected in 
so long a discontinuance of time : And when I came to 
London, I was in so many plots and ingagements, that at 
last I was thrown into prison, which had cost me my life, 
but for my keeper, who, for my life, I was never since able 
to gratify, nor any other who in those days have highly 
obliged me : And when, by my keeper's means, I got my 
Hberty, the fourth or fift day after, I was presented by Sir 
Thomas Sandys, upon Kingston-Heath, to be the first 
captain in the Earl of Holland's regiment of guards* I 
omitted to insert in any other of my manuscripts, that in 
prison it was offered unto me, if I would be banisht, and 
swear never to serve the King, perhaps I should have my 



* He alludes to the unhappy and misconducted attempt of the Earl of 
Holland to head an insurrection of the royalists at Kingston. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 71 

inlargement ; but at my dislike of it upon those terms, I 
was told, in short, what I was to expect : then, in case my 
designs, which before I had time to force my Hberty, 
should fail me, and to satisfie my friends why I had ra- 
ther dye then hve and swear never to serve my King, nor 
any of that royal race ; I exprest it as well as I could, in 
few lines I made in verse upon my inseparable devotion 
to loyalty I call'd mistress ; with my invective in a short 
character of Cromwell, and his never-to-be-forgotten Long 
Parliament, who had hang'd me for my loyalty but for 
my honest keeper. 



Upon my inseparable devotion to Loyalty I calVd Mistress. 



I am so fond a lover grown, 
That for my mistres caus could dye 
Nor would injoy my love aloan. 
But wish her millions more than I. 

I am devoted to her hand ; 

A willing sacrifice could be, 

If shee be pleas'd but to command, 

To dye is easy unto me. 



72 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



Cromwell's Character. 



He's a sorte of a devil, whose pride so vast, 
As he were thrown beyond Lucifer's cast, 
With greater curse, that his plages may excell 
In killing torments, and a blacker hell ! 



Upon the Long Parliament. 

They tire the devil, for they would be worse 
Than he himself, when he received a curse ; 
Sure it pain'd him to hatch so foule a brood, — 
Vile, pickPd villains, damn'd tlirough every mood. 
Oh ! strange they are not swallow'd where they sitt, 
'Tis blasphemy to thinke what they commit. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 73 



CHAPTER XX. 

Remarks upon the Defeat at Kingston.^ 

The people of Kingston understood very well our design; 
and most of them, being loyally affected, have voluntari- 
lie offer'd to send provision enough into the field for us, 
and to arme all our unarm'd men ; and questionles would 
have assisted us too, had they seen any conduct amongst 
us : but the general would not accept of any thing from 
them, but must needs march with us all into the town, 
which gave the enemy an opportunity to fall in upon our 



* The insurrection at Kingston, which cost the Earl of Holland his life 
on the scafPold, was rashly undertaken, and carelessly conducted. His le- 
vies were surprised at their rendezvous, between Ervil and Non-Such Park, 
dispersed and routed, almost without resistance; 
K 



74 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

rere-guard, where that truly honourable and brave Lord 
Francis was kiU'd ;* and in a few days after, some of the 
enemy where I had been, acknowledg'd, that had our 
rere-guard been completely arm'd, as some had swords 
and no pistols, others with pistols and no swords, we had 
beat them ; or had they seen but a file of men come to 
our rehef, they had gon ; or had we randezvous'd on the 
heath all night, it had been well enough, for any thing 
they durst attempt upon us, no more then when we 
past the house they were in. And truly, had we acted 
any thing like souldiers, we had drawn up in the inclo- 
sures of each side the narrow deepe lane, and there pitched 
our colours : then we had secur'd our rere-guard, and have 
bin able to defend ourselves against as many thousands 
as they were hundreds, upon the advantage we could 
have made. But we were more Hke men infatued ; for we 
had neither word nor sign, though we knew the enemy 
to be in our rere, which caused so great a confusion 



* Lord Francis Villars, brother to the witty Duke of Buckingham, a 
youth of a comely person and high spirit. He refused quarter, and was 
slain by some obscure hand. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 75 

-amongst us, that we fell foule one upon another in the 
streets, when the enemy came no further than the lane's 
end where they charged us ; and so we beat one another 
out of the most hopefull design that ever we had in Eng- 
land. 



76 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

Of some Replyes I made when examined before the Enemy. 

When I was brought prisoner, to be examin'd before 
Oliver's Lords at Westminster, Scot, elearke to the Coun- 
cil, demands why I writt that the Parliament and the 
army were such two sore plagues to the kingdom ? I told 
him, because they ruin'd the King and his friends. The 
Lords were no sooner gon, but he most inveterately says, 
" Sirra, thou art a viUaine in thy hart ! and, if I Uve, 
I wiU see thee hang'd." But it lay not in his power ; for 
he had not been so soon taken where he was, but for me, 
tho' others had the repute and reward of it. Xor had 
the regiment of Guards in Flanders, for twice or tlirice, 
continued a regiment there but for my care and mange- 
ment, tho' I am no more the better for't then that I have 
don others good in it. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 77 

Wlien all our hopes of rysings, or any good to be don 
in or about London, were at an end, then I tooke a jour- 
ney (tho' never so ill provided for it,) to Newcastle, to 
see what the Scots would do ; and by that time I came 
there, there was an order of Parliament sent to the Scots, 
that they should not entertaine into their army any that 
formerly had serv'd the King. But a while after, in the 
extreamity I was in to subsist, and by my attempts to- get 
to the town, to find out a friend, I was seiz'd upon for a 
maHgnant, and sent with a file of musketeers before the 
Major of Newcastle, (who was an exact fantique,) and 
lays it to me thus : " Well, had it pleas'd God to give you 
victory over us, as it pleas'd his Divine will to give us vic- 
tory over you, ye had call'd us villaines, traytours, sons of 
whores ; nay, you had kickt us too." — " You are in the 
right on't, sir," said I : At which he sullenly ruminat, 
whilst some of his Aldermen could not contain themselves 
for laughter ; but being both of one opinion as to the 
point, he only banisht me the town, with a promis, that 
when I came againe, he would accommodate me with a 
lodging, which was to be in the Castle-dungeon, where 
many brave fellowes, that came upon the same account as 
I did, in hope the Scots would declare for the King, were 
starv'd to death by a reprobat Marshal. 



78 MEMOIRS 6f JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XXII. 

The Author's Adventures till his arrival i?i Holland. 

When I had waited a tedious time, up and down about 
Newcastle, in pennance to know what the Scotts would 
do ; and, in conclusion, all to prove starke nought, then I 
design'd to go for HoUand. In the mean time, some of 
the Scotts officers very kindly invites me with them into 
Scotland, assuring me, that from thence were frequent 
opportunities for Holland : whereupon I went \\'ith them 
as farr as Bogygeeth, the Marquis of Huntley's house, in 
the Highlands,* where I saw so much of inhumanity and 



* Bog-of-Gicht, the principal seat of the Marquis of Huntley. That 
noble person had suffered imprisonment, on account of his loyalty, ever 
since December 1647, and was finally beheaded at Edinburgh, 16th March, 
1649. His castle and estates were at present in the hands of his old feudal 
enemy, the Marquis of Argyle, a man not unlikely to exercise on the de- 
pressed cavaliers those severities which his own estate and clan had expe- 
rienced from Montrose in these unhappy troubles. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYK 79 

* cruelty executed upon loyall persons, that I had not the 
patience to stay any longer amongst them; but desir'dCap- 
taine Symrel* and Captaine Whitehead, (my very great 
friends,) to procure a pass for me, which David Lesley re- 
fus'd to give. Then Major Meldrum, (one very much a 
gentleman, and a souldier,) was concern'd at it, and went 
with me to him, and told him, that he could not in ho- 
nour deny a gentleman his pass who was invited into 
their countrey by some of his own officers, and had inga- 
ged their lives for his behaviour. Upon this, Lesley, 
grinning, told me, " Sir, you never serv'd on our side." I 
told him, " No, sir, nor never will." Then he bid me go 
as I came : and so I had my dispatch, only tooke leave of 
those who had no better devotion for him then I had : and 
then I marcht onwards towards Edenbrough ; and when 
I came on this side of it, something near Seaton-House, 
I was so put to it for want of moneys, that I was glad, 



* Symrel is spelled in imitation of the Scots pronunciation of the pro- 
per name, Somerville, sounding the letter v as an open u. The officer here 
named seems to be James Somerville of Drum, ancestor of Lord Somer- 
ville, who then served in the Scottish army. — See his history in the Me- 
morie of the Somervilles, vol. II. He is stated, by his son and biographer, 
to have been always a loyalist at heart ; and was probably well-disposed to 
patronise a distressed officer in Captain Gwyn's condition. 



80 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

rather than faile, to take up my quarters in a church- 
poarch, which I was not so much troubled at, to lye all 
night upon the bare stones amongst the dead, as I was to 
want something to eat before I had laine down, for I was 
upon short commons the day before. The next day af- 
ter I was early up, soon drest, and a great way to go ; and 
my study was where to be intertain'd in the day, for I 
knew well enough where to go at night, as long as 
churches were in my way : and I had not gon above a 
mile, but mett with some real friends of my old acquaint- 
ance, who were more glad to see me bear it so well in 
that condition, than sparing to assist me upon the ac- 
count that brought me into that countrey, and tooke me 
with them back to Edenbrough, to recompence me \nth 
a better night's lodging then I had the night before ; and 
ther accidentally mett with a sea-officer of my acquaint- 
ance, who told me of a great design he was upon of doe- 
ing the King service, which he would impart to me when 
we came aboard, if 1 would go \viih him ; and when we 
came aboard of a passage-boat, bound for Cathnes, in the 
Highlands, he discover'd his design unto me, which was 
so very ill a thing, that no good could attend it ; but, ^nth 
a smaU perswasion, he decHn'd it. And when we arriv'd 



MEMOIllS OF JOHN GWYN. 81 

at the Week in Cathnes, I had enough of Captaine Smith's 
designs ; and by a match of jumping I made with one 
John a Groat, a skipper, I gain'd my passage back to 
Edenbrough. From thence I travel'd to Newcastle, from 
thence to London, from thence to Graves-end, and from 
thence, with much adoe, to get to sea, where I thought 
never to have any more to do at land, for the conjuring 
stormes we were in, but by a great providence that we 
arriv'd at Serick Seas* in Holland, where I had some re- 
pose : Yet I was always soly devoted never to rest any 
where, no longer then your Majesty had any commands 
for me, and I to have my health, limbes, and liberty : 
Therefore I went againe and againe into Scotland, before 
I had don with it. 

* Zurick-Zee. 



[ »3 ] 



PART SECOND. 

HOAV STRANGELY CARRIED WERE SOME OF MaRQUES MoN- 
TROS HIS AFFAIRES IN HoLLAND, WHICH WAS IN ORDER 
TO HIS LAST InGAGEMENT INTO ScOTTLAND ; AND LIKE- 
wise his publick concern in the general, were man- 
naged before and after his arrival in the high- 
lands, untill unhappily he was betraid into the 
Hands of his mortall Enemys. 



CHAPTER I. 

The Author engages in Montrose's Service. 

At Amsterdam, before he went over into Scottland with 
the Earle of Kaynoole, upon Marques Montros his in- 
gagement, I was told by those who condol'd us, (as know- 
ing our busines better then some of ourselves did,) that 



84 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

we were all betraid ; and by our proceedings it appear'd 
to be so, as thus : First, we were to have a small fleet 
vessel, with twelve guns ; and, instead of that, we had an 
old one, new vamp't, without a gun ; then we were chast 
at sea by a Parliament frigot, which the tempestuous 
weather kept off, and as that might soon faile us, we were 
prepar'd, as knowing the worst, to receave our doome 
bravely, with an attempt to board the enemy, sinke or 
swim ; or had there been ever so many of them, we were 
all resolv'd, with the Earle of Kaynoole, in that desperat 
condition, rather to be buried alive ^vith our swords in 
our hands, than dye any other way less honourable, and 
more cruelly, at their choice : and when, through the ex- 
treamity of continued stormes, we arrived (as Providence 
would have it) at our port, there had been, for three 
weeks, three more Parliament men-of-warr, impatient at 
our long coming ; and, at the very hour we came, they 
went some other covu^se to looke us, as though we were 
not out of sight ; but as the evening drew on, and the fog 
which arros obscur'd us, then we came secure ashoar.* 



* Montrose, in his last ill-fated expedition, landed in the Orkneys, where 
he recruited his handful of forces by a compulsory levy amongst the un- 
warlike islanders. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 85 



CHAPTER II. 

Verses on the Author's Deliverance. 

Upon so eminent a danger, and strange deliverance, I 
had an inclination to make something in rhyme upon't, 
the rather as a witnes ; for I know not of one man now 
alive that was then there. 



View the wonders, and you will never find 

A spirit more martial then Kaynoole's mind. 

I leape sore dangers, and let them look as grim 

As death, to tempt them, nothing troubles him ; 

For he's the man of men that first begun 

To war against a fleet without a gun. 

He knew no fear, yet wisely understood 

Providence waited on a caus so good. 

It prov'd so, — for Neptun grew angry, swell'd 

With the villaines insolence that rebell'd ; 

The waves so stirr'd about, still mounting high, 

To guard the fearfull road, as we past by : 

And Borias even burst with freenes to blow. 

We were toss'd (Lord knows how,) to quitt the foe. 

Thus winds and seas, Kynoole, shew'd thee great love.— 

They had directly orders from above. 



86 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER III. 

Message from Lesley to Kinnool, mid his Ansicei'. 

A WHILE after that we were in quarters in those seve- 
ral islands of Orkney, David Lesley was sent \nth a con- 
siderable force of horse and foot to subpres us ; and be- 
fore he came to the water side, which he was to cros over 
first, sent a packet to the Earle of Kynoole, and, amongst 
other circumstances, declar'd, that by all the obligation 
and interest that ever was between them, the best ser- 
vice he could do to his Lordship, was to advise him 
speedily to make his retreat into some other countrey ; 
for his orders were to be severly executed upon him and 
his party : which my Lord Kaynoole receiv'd with so much 
indignation, that he commanded the packit to be burnt 
under the gallows, by the hand of the hangman ; and liis 
Lordship himself was to see it don. Upon this so pub- 
lick and general a defiance, David Lesley presently pro- 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 87 

secuts in his comands ; and when he had boarded several 
boats-full of horse and foot, to come and fall upon us, 
there arros so great and sudden a storme, that they could 
not stirr, before another strange rehef came, by a counter 
command sent to Lesley, that where ere it reacht him 
he was to quitt all former orders, and forthwith to return 
and march to the west, against a greater invasion there ; 
which at last prov'd to be but false allarum, whatsoever 
the design was, more then to divert them from us, and to 
give us a longer respiet in the countrey. 



88 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTEK IV. 
Earl of Kinnoide's Death. 

About two months after, the Earle of Kynoole fell 
sick at Bursey, the Earle of INIurton's house, and there 
dyed of a pluresy, whose loss was very much lamented, 
as he was truly honourable, and perfectly loyal * 



* The author is here at singular variance with the Scottish genealogists. 
William, third Earl of Kinnoul, is by them represented as having succeed- 
ed his father in 16'44. It is agreed on all hands, that he was a loyalist, and 
joined Montrose : But far from representing him as dead in I60O, the date 
of Montrose"'s last and fatal expedition, he is stated to have escaped from 
the Castle of Edinburgh in l'j5-i, and having instantly joined Middleton, 
(in which case Gwyn must again have met with him,) there to have been 
taken by the EngUsh in the Braes of Angus, and finally to have died in 
1677. Sec Wood's Peerage of Scotland, article KiXNori.. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER V. 

Sh' John Hurrey attacks the Enemy at the Pass of Ord. 

When Marques of Montros arriv'd amongst us in- 
to Orkney, and had settled affaires as he thought most 
expedient in those several islands, he cros'd over into 
Cathnes, in the Highlands, where, in two or three days 
after, our Major-General, Sir John Hurrey, went with a 
party of three hundred foot, to ingage an enemy treble 
his number, at a pass called the Ord, which they thought 
to maintain and oppose us in our march. This pass is a 
steepe hill, with a strong river at the bottome of it, which 
we waded through, and scrambl'd up the hill in disorder, 
that the enemy, upon these several great advantages, 
might have don so great an execution upon us, as few or 
none should have gon to tell what became of the rest : 



90 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

but they had not the patience to stay so long and do it, 
for the haste they were in to be gon, as most of them 
were no souldiers, but countrey bumkins, there called 
Whigs * 



* Not from sour-milk, as is somewhere alleged, but from the cry of the 
west country horse-dealers to their trains of horses. — To Whig, is to make 
haste. Hence " Whig-away," and " Whig-amore," was the usually cry of 
those country-jockies, who bequeathed their name to a numerous political 
party. The insurrection of the Ayrshire Presbyterians, who expelled the 
Commission of Estates from Edinburgh in ] 648, was called the Whig- 
amore's Raid. 



»% 

•'/. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 91 



CHAPTER VI. 

Colonel Grymes [^Grahame] retreats into Orkney ^ upon the 
Defeat of Montrose. 

Soon after, Montros marcht further into the High- 
lands, and Collonel Grymes* (his natural brother,) was 
coming up with a recruit of five hundred more men to 
him, and were come something near the place where he 
was defeated, which made Collonel Grymes to retreat, 
and march back into Orkney, where one Sir WiUiam Jon- 
sonf was left governor : and upon a debate amongst them 



* Grahame, often pronounced, on the English Border, Grime, 
•f Mis-spelled for Johnson. Bishop Wishart notices amongst Montrose^'s 
followers, "Henry Grahame, the Marquis's own natural brother;" and 
" Colonel Johnson, an old and resolute officer." We learn from the same 
authority, that these two gentlemen were left almost defenceless in the town 
of Kirkwall. 



92 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

what best to do, they only talk'd (and that was all.) as if 
they would go by sea, and rescue Montros, which they 
easily might have don, as there was no fear of an enemy 
thereabout, since the party of horse which beat him had 
don their work, and were gon far enough from those parts, 
and himself in the custody of a pretended old friend,* 
who had few or no more for a guard upon him then were 
the family and servants of the house wherein he was in 
restraint, and in a manner conceal'd too, untill there came 
fourth a declaration, that whosoever should apprehend and 
secure him, should have such a summe of money for his 
reward : But, in the mean time, had we don any thing, 
we could not have don less then endeavour to fetch him 
off; having had time enough, and to spare, for it, and the 
house he was in so very near the sea,f as an opportunity 



* Montrose was taken by Neil M'Leod of Assint, who having been one 
of the Marquis's followers, hesitated for a time what course to pursue ; but 
at length, partly from fear, and partly for the lucre of four hundred bolls 
of oatmeal, he delivered up his gallant general to Lesley's soldiers. 

•f- The Castle of Ardvrach, the seat of Neil M'Leod of Assint, seems 
the place alluded to. It is situated on the north side of the loch of Assint, 
a large salt-water lake, and may have been liable to such surprisal as our 
author hints at. But it seems improbable that Montrose remained there 
long enough after his defeat, to have given Johnson time to have embark- 
ed from Kirkwall, and doubled the northern extremity of Scotland. An- 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. Qii 

offred for it : but the governor of Orkney choos'd rather 
to take some of the merchants' shipps out of their har- 
bour to carry himself, and others whom he pleas'd, away 
with him, leaving some of us behind a sacrifice to Lesley, 
and others our foes in the countrey. Howsoever, I mett 
with the best of the worst luck, for, by a kindnes which 
I had don not long before to a gratefuU person, came so 
home to me as to preserve me strangely ; and my last 
faire escape was an opportunity to get in an open boat 
for Shetland, and from thence in a herring-bus for Hol- 
land, when your Majesty was under sayle for Scotland. 

other scheme for the liberation of the gallant Marquis had nearly succeed- 
ed. At the house of Grange, where he was quartered for a night, the lady 
so " drug''d the possets" of his guards, that they all slept soundly, while 
Montrose, in a lady's dress, passed through amongst them, and was only 
discerned, and stopt by one of the outposts, where the centinel had not had 
his share of liquor. See the Memoiie of the Somervilles, apd the Memoirs 
of Montrose, Edit. 1819, p. 380. . 



94 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER VII. 

The Author returns to Scotland. — A diverting Adventure. 

In Holland I have allways made my condition with the 
officers, not to stay (nor did not,) when there was any 
thing stirring of action for my King ; and at my return 
from Montros his ingagement, and unhappy defeat, the 
next occasion which offred itself was General ^Midleton's 
ingagement likewise into Scotland, va\\\ whom I went, 
notwithstanding my great weakenes after a severe fitt of 
sicknes, and the extreamity I had run through twice in 
that countrey before : yet all signified no more with me 
(in comparison) then it is with a woman in labour ; for I 
as soon forgot it, from the great devotion I ever had to 
persist in my loyal duty : and when we came to the Fly, 
and staid there three or four days, seven or eight of us 
being in quarters at a Scotts house, where the man, \nfe, 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 95 

and daughter, were possest (against all gainesayings) that 
the King was in disguise amongst us ; and for the conceit 
sake that such a thing might be, and to humour their fan- 
cy in it, we put Mr Ball, a proper hansome person, who 
they tooke for the King, to sitt in a great chayr in the 
parlor, over against the door, which we had lockt, and 
tooke out the key designingly, that they might relieve 
one another in peeping into the key-hole, as they did, 
and saw how we attended him with all the cerimonies 
immaginable ; and when he thought Utt, gave us a sign 
with hand to be cover'd ; then we put on our hatts, to 
null all distingtion, and became familiar comrads as be- 
fore : A while after the door was open, the mother and 
daughter, with the goodman, laging in the rere, came, 
suppHcating few of us standing at the street-door, that he 
and they might have the honour to kiss the King's hand, 
since he despis'd not the meanes of his entertainement in 
so poor a subject's house as he was pleas'd to come into. 
We told them it was strange how they came to know it ; 
but since it was so, if they would be conjur'd to silence, 
and not speak on't, they should; whereupon they re- 
plid, that they would rather dye then divulge it: and 
presently they went to uncase, and put on their best 



96 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

cloaths, which (in a manner) was as soon don as at three 
motions, for hast to kis the King's hand. The goodman 
led into the roome, in a trembling awe, the mother and 
daughter fil'd after, melting in tears, and on both knees 
kist his hand, and wheel'd away with aboundance of sa- 
tisfaction. A short while after, as we were goeing to din- 
ner, there were several sorts of wine privately conveyed 
into [the] roome for us ; and when we had eat plentifuU, 
and drunke in aboundance, Mr Ball grew heavy and 
drowsy that he went to lye down : The goodmfe obser- 
ving him, presently commands her daughter to go waite 
upon him, and know if he wanted for any thing ; and up- 
on her stay something extraordinary, the mother tells us, 
" Truly, gentlemen, if my daughter proves with bern, the 
child shall not want for the cost :" But at parture, they 
were highly troubled that he would not accept of those 
rings and Jewells, which they purchast at so dear a rate, 
to present him, as a toaken that he would be pleas'd to 
remember them when he came to his kingdom. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 97 



CHAPTEE VIII. 

The Author passes the Winter iti Caithness. 

When we left the Fly, and were under sayle, we had a 
f aire passage, without any kind of disturbance ; that we 
arriv'd safe into the Highlands of Scotland, lodg'd our 
artilery and ammunition at an old castle called Skeebo, 
(or Skelbo,) where we staid for some days, untill the ge- 
neral, with some few with him, had gon up further into 
the countrey ; then he sent for us, and put us into win- 
ter quarters in Gathnes, and thereabouts. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER IX. 

Difference between Earle of Clinkern and Monro. 

In the spring of the year, about IMay, General Midle- 
ton and the Earle of Clinkern* mett in a town in the 
Highlands, called Dornach, where CHnkern was to resign 
all former commands unto Lord Midleton ; and before 
they all parted that night, Lieutenant-General IVIonrow 
and Clinkern chance to clash, and the next day fought, 
which prov'd very ominus and unhappy ; for it created 
factions and animosities amongst them, in so much that it 
was conceav'd to be the greatest obstruction of any thing 
whatsoever to the ruin of that design ; for, in a short time 
after, we rather decreas'd then increas'd, and were chast 
up and down the Highlands by General Munke and Mor- 



* A Narrative of the Earl of Glencairn's Expedition, from the original 
manuscript, follows these Memoirs, with a particular Account of the Duel 
betwixt Glencairn and Munro. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 99 

gan, who were a great many to many for us ; and we did 
not care how seldome we see them, specially since little 
Morgan gave us a brush ; then we wheel'd any way to 
avoyd them, as if that had been true what I heard say 
there and in England since, that our orders were not to 
fight; which I was apt to beleeve, when we neglected 
such impregnable passes, and rather seeme to draw them 
after us further and further into the countrey, as if that 
had been our chief design, and not to ingage them : but 
whatsoever it was, it presag'd not well with so ill a begin- 
ning. 



100 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER X. 

The Author, in the Highlands, escapes from the Enemy by 
means of a Shower 

Towards the later end of the year we return'd for 
Cathnes, after we had dropt a great many by the way, 
and march from thence toward^ my Lord Key's countrey, 
with the enemy pursuing of us, flanke and rere : But 
when our small forces came half a league beyond Thui- 
saw, (a town in the Highlands,) they marcht through a 
river in a happy shoure of raine, which the small rivolets 
that came from the hills thereabouts swell'd so big and 
strong, that the enemy could not pursue us any further 
for that part of the day ; so by that means we got so 
much the start of them, and kept it till we came to a ren- 
dezvous, in the middest of great hills, and there we dis- 
banded, every man to shift for himself, wliich I was less 
able to do, being so very lame as I was : But my Lord 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 101 

Nappier,* my constant great friend, was so concern'd with 
my condition, that he was pleas'd to recommend me to 
be with my Lord Rey for that winter season ; and the 
next summer it was my fortun, in his Lordship's view, to 
do him acceptable service against his enemy. 



* Archibald, second Lord Napier, nephew of the great Marquis of Mon- 
trose, to whom he was so much attached, that they were said to be as inse- 
parable as the Pope and the Church. He partook of all his uncle's victo- 
ries and dangers, and died in Holland, just before the Revolution. 



102 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XI. 

The Author returns to Holland with General Middleton. 

From Stranaver, Captain Breams, Captain G\nlliams, 
Captain Richardson, and myself, marcht to the Isle of 
Skye, to the Lard of Macloud's house, where the General 
was, and where we continued, untill he tooke an oppor- 
tunity to be shipt for Holland, and a troublesome passage 
we had of it. 

And of two hundred officers, reformads, and gentle- 
men, that went over with the General, not one of them 
staid so long as to return with him but myself. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 103 



CHAPTER XII. 

The Author's Verses against Monro* 

General Midleton, in a discourse at Mackloud's 
house, did very much reflect upon the unworthines of 
his Lieutenant-General Monrow ; to which repli'd Cap- 
taine Gwilliams, that Captaine Gwyn displaid him in his 
right colours, in a few Unes he made in answear to the li- 
belous Hues thrown upon the Lords that deserted Midle- 
ton, though they staid whilst there was any hope or like- 
lyhood of doeing any good. 



* Sir George Munro, who fought a duel with Glencairn, whom he ap- 
pears to have insulted most gratuitously, was bred in the Low Country 
wars. He was amongst the officers employed by the Scottish Committee 
of Estates ; but afterwards turned Royalist, like Middleton and others. 
In Balcarras's Account of Scots Affairs at the Revolution, Sir George 
Munro is mentioned as having been present at the head of the Militia in 
1688, although " he had lost every thing which he has learned in Germany 
long ago," and retained only " affected nastiness, brutality, and fanati- 
cism." 



104 , MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

The General was pleas'd to aske of me if I had those 
lines about me. I told him yes ; and presented them un- 
to him as herein written : 



Was not Monrow amongst us ? What needs then 
To cite the smaller crymes of other men ? 
Since he so grand a traytor proved, as though 
Himself, by beat of drum, proclaym'd it so. 

To confirm the world, how that treason can 
Destroy an army, by a single man, — 
You'i easy read, in his prodigious face, 
His coming fatal to a loyal place. 



[ 105 ] 



PART THIRD, 



CHAPTER I. 

The Author in Flanders was made Lieutenant in the Royal 
Guards. 

In Flanders your Majesty was pleas'd to make me one 
of the first Lieutenants in the Royal Regiment of Guards ; 
and the first small action we were upon was against Mar- 
dick, where we went to know what we should do when 
we came next ; for then we did nothing to our advantage, 
as was publickly known. 

I was at the siege of Ardes, where we staid not so long 
as to do any good against it, before the French came to 
the reUef of it ; and we were so loath to leave it, that at 
last we came troting away. 

o 



106 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER II. 
Antwerp Blockaded by Cm'a^en. 

I WAS at the most regular fortified and pleasant citty 
of Antwerpt, when the Magistrats, merchants, and bur- 
gers of it oppos'd General Carasien, for his unworthy, 
base exaction, and obstructing their ancient customes and 
privileges, which before were ever preserved inviolably, 
and of an exceeding great concern to them ; but yet, for 
all that severity and grand abuse put upon them, they at 
last recolected themselves, and had so much witt in their 
anger, as to consider, that so potent an army was too ap- 
pearant to many for them ; and therefore, per force, must 
submit, according to an old saying, "jMight overcomes 
right ;" which incUn'd them, of necessity, to make the 
best of the worst as to comply >nth them, and purchase 
their peace at a dear rate from him, who was oblig'd to 
protect them, and not oppress them. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 107 



CHAPTER III. 

Description of Antwerp^ and Account of Carasien. 

And their army did them a great and an unknown 
dammage as they were quartred in their most rarely con- 
triv'd gardens and houses of pleasure, hardly to be paral- 
lel'd for all kind of delights and privat recreation, which 
was conceav'd to be superaboundant, and so magnificent 
for them, by Carasien, who greatly envi'd their happynes, 
since he (sUm devil) had no such conveniency, or choyce 
places, to buckle with his miss, he made shift to get with 
child in the hollow tree in BrusseUs Parke, and most per- 
fidiously, (as it was in his nature,) broake his vowes and 
protestations with her, to such an odium, that she, poor 
lady, for ever after renounc'd to have any more to do with 
man for his rogue's trick, and turn'd nun upon't. Cara- 
sien was but a privat Captain when he ridd in the hol- 
low tree. 



108 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER IV. 

The Author's Account of the Action at Dunkirk. 

I WAS at Dunkirk fight, when ^Marshal Turen rais'd his 
siege, to come and give us battle on the sand-hills ; and 
well he might, having so much the odds of his side as his 
own army of enfantry to spare, unless what he did against 
the brave Prince of Cundey ; for the EngUsh and Swiss 
had the van and onset of that day, which totally routed 
the Spanish foot and the Spanish cavelry, (for the most 
part of them,) when they thought themselves ovemiatcht, 
when they saw they were overnumbred, facest about in 
time, leaving them to fight that had a mind to it : But 
his Royal Highnes the Duke of Yorke,* most eminent 



* There is an excellent and candid account of the battle of Dunkirk in 
the Mexnoirs of King James II. of whom the first General in the world 
has been heard to say, that he writes of military matters more forcibly and 
intelligibly than any author whom he has perused. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 109 

and memorable action upon the English left wing, drew 
them off from falling upon us, to make up the great 
breach he had made amongst them ; and their reserve of 
horse, commanded by Marques Kamboor* of Brittany, were 
advancing upon us, till he understood we were EngHsh ; 
then, from the great tendernes he own'd to have unto 
your Majesty's concern, as knowing who we were, com- 
manded one of his Captaines to come and tender honour- 
able conditions unto us, with high applaus for our reso- 
lution to stand the field when all had left us. When his 
Royal Highnes engag'd on our right wing, the Swiss on 
their right wing were at the same instant engag'd with a 
regiment or two of Spaniards, to whose assistance a troope 
of horse came briskly up to charge the Swiss : they re- 
ceaved their voUey-shott, and instead of faUing in with 
sword and pistol, wheel'd to the left, — away they went, 
and came no more. 

* Rambures. 



110 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER V. 

The Author taken Prisoner. 

CoLLONEL Garbles, Major Beversham, Ensign Crispe, 
Mr Rudston, our chyrurgeon, and myself, went vAxh the 
Captaine that came and tendred conditions unto us ; and 
the rest ,of the regiment had better come with us, then 
go away in parcels as they did, to the great sorrow of 
some, and the death of several. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. Ill 



CHAPTER VI. 

His kind Reception by the French. 

And when, upon hearty welcome, we had helpt the 
Captaine to eat up all the provision he had at present, he 
very worthily treated us at the Viveandeers ; subpli'd us 
with moneys for the time we staid, for a convenient op- 
portunity to be gon ; let us go upon our own parole ; con- 
tracted with us for half ransome ; and in the night con- 
vey'd us, with a small party of horse, through the campe 
without the line ; directed us how to avoyd the out-cen- 
tinells, and, like a brave Brittaine as he was, to crown 
the rest of his civilities with the last, produced whol clus- 
ters of bottles of wine from under some of their cloaks, 
which we sacrifis'd in the remembrance of princes, till we 
were allmost all so in conceit, and fortified us purely to 
neglect those great watter plashes we waded through, and 
the broad deepe ditches, brimfuU, we moil'd over, some- 



112 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

times near diving with want of lopestaves ; and when we 
arriv'd at Newport, to present ourselves and our condi- 
tion unto his Koyal Highnes the Duke of Yorke, we had 
the happines to see him safe preserved from the eminent 
danger he had been in amongst his enemies.* 



* Although the Duke of York was then engaged on the side of the 
Spaniards, yet when there was a rumour that he had fallen into the hands 
of the republican English, then the allies of France, Monsieur de Guda- 
gin, who commanded the French infantry, traversed the field of battle 
with a select body, determined, should the Prince be prisoner amongst his 
father's enemies, that he would rescue him out of their hands, either by 
fair means or by actual force. Memoirs of James II. vol. I. p. 360. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 113 



CHAPTER VII. 

Gallantry of some Private Soldiers. 

I CANNOT ommitt an unparaUel'd devotion exprest by 
eighteen or twenty privat souldiers, (questionless all gen- 
tlemen,) who came not with whom we had mad condi- 
tion ; but, by a mistake, unluckily fell into the hands of 
rather fillowes and hedge-birds, then any men of the mind 
of souldiers, as to cut, strip, and mangle them, at an in- 
human rate, being disarm'd prisoners of warr, and then 
left at the ruines of an old house, where one of General 
Morgan's men told me they were, I found them : and 
upon my desire to know how they came to be so barba- 
rously us'd, told me, becaus they would not part with 
their new cloathes, which troubled them, not so much 
for the want of them to cover their nakednes in that ex- 
treamity they were in, but as they were the King's guift 
unto them, which they priz'd as their lives. 



114 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

The same continued. 

And their bravery, above aU, was, that when their old 
English officers* (from whom they first came to us,) were 
to see them, told them, they all knew very well what it 
was to run away from their colours, specially to a foraign 
people, to come and fight against their countrey, friends, 
and relations ; but howsoever, all should be kindly wav'd 
by the General and his officers, if they would return to 
their former colours ; and likewise, aU would be forgivn 
and forgotten, and care taken for the recovery of them, 
as if the prejudice they receav'd had been in their o\^'n 
countrey's service. They told them plainely, that they 



* Those, to wit, who were in the service of the RepubUc or Protector, 
under whom, it seems, these men had served, and from whom they had 
escaped into the service of the King. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 115 

never serv'd them with any devotion, but merely for an 
opportunity to come and serve their own King ; and, since 
their sad fate would not permit them to live and serve 
him, in spight of fate they would dye his martyrs, rather 
than renounce their allegeiance. 



116 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER IX. 

The Author commanded to Ipres. 

Soon after the battell, I was commanded, with ten 
men, a sarjent, and a co]'poral, to go with a party of three 
hundred Irish, to waite upon the Prince Dehn's com- 
mands at Iper ; and when we had been there a while, he 
marcht, with four thousand men, into the countrey, upon 
a design, and had not gon farr, but an enemy was Uke to 
surprise him in his march; which made him counter- 
march it back to Iper sooner then he thought, or was ex- 
pected. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 117 



CHAPTER X. 

The Autho7''s ill-t?'eatment, and Remarks thereon. 

And were ten men, a sarjeant, and a corporal, a proper 
command for a commission-officer, — then, in all reason, 
either Gwilliams, Munson, Broughton, or some other in- 
ferior officer, ought to have gon, and not I, that was a 
prisoner upon parole. I understood their design was to 
give GwiUiams an opportunitie to make his intrest to get 
the company to which I was Ueutenant, my captaine 
kill'd in the field, and myself a prisoner at the head of 
my command : yet I repin'd not, since your Majestic was 
pleas'd to tell me, that, had you remembred me to be 
Collonel Slaughter's lieutenant, no man had come over my 
head : nor none did thereafter ; for I had the two next 
succeeding vacances, which were Collonel Gross his com- 
pany, and Sir Richard Maulevers', when persons of great 
intrest and quality could not obtaine either. 



118 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XI. 

The Author's Generosity. 

After we had been twelve or fourteen weeks upon 
extraordinary commands at Iper, we were as far from re- 
ceaving any money, to inable us for service, as commonly 
were us'd to be, save only a half-peniworth of bread for 
twenty-four hours, and that when we could catch it ; so 
that we Hv'd upon as near to nothing, and as much upon 
the fresh ayre, as most poor men ahve could do. But at 
last, there was privatly convey'd into my hand five weeks 
bread-money, due unto us in arrears since we came into 
the town, with advice to make use of it myself, and pay 
it when I could better spare it, and the party to have 
more need of it ; for now they all hv'd well upon the 
spoile. I was both sincible and glad of it ; but yet I 
call'd my sarjeant aside, and gave him the money, — bidd 
him pay himself and the party, — and withall to desire 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 119 

them from me that they tell not the Irish souldiers of it, 
lest they mutter against their officers, why they had not 
their money as well as we ours ; but the party's kindnes 
was above their secrets to me, for they could not conceal, 
but must needs devulge that which they so much approv'd 
off to be so real and justly don ; when, on the contrary, 
others of their officers kept their money from them, and 
sent them abroad a-begging, which was so frequent in the 
English and Irish mouths, as never to be forgotten. 



120 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XII. 

Remarks on the foregoing Passage. 

This subtile contriv'd march was fixt upon me unavoid- 
ably ; for, had I refus'd to go, then they had higlily ex- 
claim'd and inform'd against me for a grand mutineer, as 
not to obey command : And, on the other side, if I had 
been taken in armes, a prisoner upon parole, I had been 
hang'd without mercy : but I rather choos'd to take the 
hazard of hanging then disobey command, though never 
so unjust as that was : and it's well known, I never was 
any where upon command, but I did something which was 
acceptable, if any thing was to be don : And, I presume, 
I may justly say, that I have gon a volunteer out of com- 
plisance to brave men, and love to my King's service, as 
often against the enemy, and succest as well as some of 
my adversaries can brag to have been, in all their time of 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. m 

action in his Majesty's service. And I would wave all 
their injustice to me, if any of them, in their underta- 
kings, can parallel what herein this manuscript I make 
to appear on one side of a leaf 



1^2 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

An unhappy Accident. 

And my paying of the party their bread-money, when 
it look'd insignificant whether I did it or not ; and their 
often repeating it amongst themselves and the Irish, hath 
created a great kindnes for me amongst them all, and 
prov'd a happy fortun for those who perhaps little tliinke 
on't now, and preserved other lives upon an occasion soon 
after ; for when we return-d from Iper to our quartei*s, by 
Ghent, it happned that an Irish sarjeant, and three or 
four Irish souldiers with him, were coming by us, would 
have taken a hatchet from our lad, that was cleaving of 
wood upon the door-cill, who would not part with it, but 
flung it into the room amongst the souldiers ; and they, who 
would as soon dye as part with that which kei)t them aHve, 
went out and fought them, kill'd the sargeant, who fell 
not amongst them, but carried himself to a hedge hard 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 123 

by, there dropt and dyed : And our souldiers knew not 
but that he was got away as well as the rest, till CoUonel 
Leg came by, and saw hira there dead ; sent for me, told 
me, that " this unhappy thing must needs be don by some 
of your men ;" and desir'd that his body might be carried 
into the house ; and it being a market-day at Ghent, some 
of them might come drunk by, and see him kill'd, might 
insense others of them to do mischief; and with all de- 
sir'd, that no man touch his body, for, to his knowledge, 
there was a charge of gold about him : And, as soon as 
the corps was brought into the house, I told the souldiers 
that they presently baracado the doors, and make ready 
their armes, for I expected them to come for a revenge : 
and so there came some three hundred of them, about an 
hour or two in the night, run against the door, thought 
to surprise us, and so to take their revenge, but could not 
enter: WTiereupon I call'd to them; when I call'd to 
them, I told them my name ; told them that I came that 
evening off the guard from amongst them : and likewise 
told them, that CoUonel Leg requir'd me to suffer non to 
go out of the house till an account be given who kill'd 
the sarjeant ; and desir'd them to offer no violence, for to 
be sure they should have right don them the next day. 



124 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

Eut, as good fortun would have it, the major part of 
those men went and came from Iper with us so lately, 
that made them presently to reflect upon what they knew^ 
I had don of right to my souldiers there and elsewhere, 
and did not attempt any further, but satisfied themselves 
and the rest of them with that I had told them : And 
some of them openly declar'd, that they would rather 
stand in my defence then offer the least prejudice where- 
in I was concern'd. And about 10 or 11 of the clock at 
night, came jVfajor Farel, with a commanded party, by 
order of a councell of war, to demand right for what was 
don; but the circumstances between us tended not to 
much more then what was don the next day, for the 
business was examin'd, determin'd, and the men clear'd. 
And it may easily be conceav'd, that some three hun- 
dred men would have been too hard upon a disput for 
nine or ten which were in an old countrey cotage, had it 
not been for their forberance, (and that was for my sake.) 
and, upon the least disgust, were resolv'd to take leave 
and be gon ; then we could have no winter-quarters, and 
without it there had been no regiment. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 125 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Further Sufferings at Nivelles. 

When we were in quarters at Nivel, we were a tedious 
time without money, by the corruption of officers, who 
kept wholy to themselves the route-money due unto us 
from Doway to Antwerpt ; sold the canteen of wine and 
beer ; and likewise sold the bread-money : and when they 
had converted to their own use that Kttle we had to keepe 
life and soul together, in consideration of it gave the 
souldiers passes to go up and down the countrey a-beg- 
ging ; and, to remove so great a scandal, seven or eight of 
us met one evening to advise upon't, and were resolv'd 
to prepare a petition how unhappy we were expos'd off 
so long a time, and to send it inclos'd in a letter to some 
honourable person at court that we could make our 
friend, to present it unto your Majesty. This being put 
upon me to do, the next morning, before I came abroad, 



]!26 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

I had don the petition, (and more then was expected or 
mention'd ere night amongst us,) wTitt a letter to our 
Lieutenant-coUonel, why we made an address to any other 
person then himself, to move your Majesty in our behalf; 
and another to my Lord Wentworth, who, above all 
others, I pitcht upon to make our friend, as my letter 
herein relats. AVlien all was don and approv'd off; not 
only by those officers, but by Wise himself, yet he would 
not have them sent away, becaus (as he told us) the King's 
orders were on the way, coming to fetch us over for Eng- 
land : but it came not in two or three months after. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 127 



CHAPTER XV. 

A Copy of the Letter I w?'itt to my Lord Wentworth in be- 
half oj the Regiment. 

Right Honourable, 
We hope there needs no appologie to this truth, that 
the very best newes we have heard from England since 
the King's most happy Restoration, (as to our concern,) 
is, that your Lordship commands his Majesty's Royal Re- 
giment of Guards, for we are confident in your prudent 
care and justice don to us upon all occasions ; and truly 
at this present, our condition highly implores the assist- 
ance of some noble friend ; and we know not to whom so 
well to make our humble adress, to present and second this 
inclos'd unto his Majesty, then to your Honour, since re- 
port, and our hope, speak you our CoUonel. My Lord, 
we are left scarce one part of foure whom at Dunkirk bat- 
tell entirely devoted themselves to be sacrifis'd for our 



128 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

King's sake, rather then deceave his repos'd confidence 
in the resolve of his too few (at that time) loyal subjects. 
But, having escapt the worst, beyond our hope, as to be 
prisoners, three parts of us perisht with a tedious impri- 
sonment and want of bread, and the few remainder here 
languish as having no allowance to Hve. This our insub- 
portable condition, the character of your Lordship's wont- 
ed noblenes to assist an honest caus that wanted a friend, 
and the intrest we are incourag'd to have in your Lord- 
ship, very much perswads us of your kindnes and condole. 
But if, through mistake, (as necessity occasions many,) 
we herein presume more then ought, we hope that ne- 
cessity will plead an acceptable excuse to so noble a 
spirit. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 129 



CHAPTER XVI. 

General Carasien's ill-behaviour at Namur. 

When we remov'd our quarters from Neevell to Na- 
mures, General Carasien sent his orders before to the 
magistrats and burgers of the town, to let them know 
that the King of Brittaine's Regiment of Guards was 
coming to quarter there; and that they were to give 
them no other accommodation then vacant houses upon 
the ramport and court of guards ; and were to expect 
their whole subsistance from their own King, being re- 
stored to three kingdoms. This was not according to 
our service to the King of Spaine, when Carasien quitt 
the field, and left us there, to deserve better from his 
master then himself did at that time : And, had it not 
been for one of his Royal Highnes the Duke of Yorke's 
gentlemen, Mr Dutell, a native thereabouts, that gave us 

R 



130 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

credit for bread, it had gon very severe with us, as having 
neither money, friends, or relations, to reheve us ; but as 
Providence sent us this person, and not long after, came 
there a letter from my Lord Wentworth, out of London, 
to prop our hope, assuring us that he was our Collonel ; 
and advis'd us, as he was sinsible of our condition, to 
write a petition unto your Majesty, \\'ith the officers' 
hands to it ; then to send it inclos'd in a letter to him, 
and he would present and second it unto your Majesty. 
When this I had don, it was perus'd, approv'd, and sub- 
scrib'd accordingly. Whereupon I told them, " Gentle- 
men, I hope now you will thinke it expedient to vrrite 
unto my Lord Wentworth." — " No," said Wise ; " I will 
send the petition in a letter to Brussells, for Jack G\n\- 
Uams to send to Collonel A\Tieeler." I told them, that 
Collonel Wheeler was my great friend, and a person whom 
I much honour'd ; but yet I could not justly put him in 
competition ^ntli my Lord "Wentworth, wlio is our Col- 
lonel, whose kind and obhging letter was by us to be ob- 
serv'd, rather as a command from him : Besides, he is a 
noble person, a Privy Councellor, and can speake with 
the King when the other cannot ; and make our addi-eses 
more acceptable unto his oMajesty. But, right or A>Tong, 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 131 

Wise was resolv'd to send the petition, that it might come 
to Wheeler's hand. Whereupon I went away, and would 
not own to be one that should put so great an afPront up- 
on so honourable a person, and being my CoUonel too : 
but I left the petition amongst them, to do what they 
pleas'd with it. This was ground enough for ^Vise to in- 
sense Wheeler, at what rate he pleas'd, against me ; that 
Wheeler, and others amongst them, made me as odious 
to my Lord Wentworth, that he would not hear me 
speake for myself, nor no man else for me : But I may 
safely swear, he little thought then that my justifying of 
his Lordship's priority and honour, upon a debate amongst 
us, whether the petition, written by his own orders and 
direction, should be sent to him, or to his Lieutenant- 
colionel, was the occasion that provok'd him to so great 
an anger against me, and to suffer my ruine to insue 
upon't, after I had, with much ado, surviv'd so many ha- 
zards and sorrow in my King's service. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CHAPTER XVII. 
The Authoi' prevents a Mutiny at Nivelles. 

When we were in quarters, in vacant houses, not farr 
from Neevel, some of my souldiers one morning came to 
me, grievously sharpe set, and in that hungry humour 
sadly complaines of the hard measure they had, as to be 
forst to beg, steale, or starve, which was not allways to be 
don, nor would they do it any longer ; vo\nng, that it 
was for my sake they staid there so long languishing at 
that rate. I could not take any thing ill that eas'd them 
with talking, becaus, to be sure, whatsoever they beg'd, 
stoale, or made a shift for, I had my share of it, or I 
might have gon and do as they did, or not hve ; therefore 
I seem'd to comply with them, to gaine their patience 
but to the next day ; and, in the mean time, I would fix 
upon something commendable for us all to do in so great 
an exigence ; and so prevail'd with them. After we had 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. lJi3 

parted, I was in a heavy loss with myself what fallacy I 
should use next, having so often before deceav'd them 
with such fruitless stories : But when I had ^pitcht upon 
what I thought would best suit with the humor of brave 
feUowes, I put it in black and white what I would have 
them with me to resolve upon. The next day, I went to 
them, and told them, " Gentlemen, I am come to make 
good my promis unto you ; but first, I must tell you, that 
whereas you talk'd yesterday of starving, I presume you 
wiU aU allow that I know best what it is, since upon Am- 
sterdam iron-bridge, after I had come from Montros his 
ingagement, I sunk down dead with meer hunger ; and 
had it not been for the great charity of strangers that re- 
viv'd me, I had gon (for ought I know,) the way of all 
flesh, insinsible of any further paine; and, besides, "you 
all know very well, that not long since I was in quarters, 
with Collonel Careles, his Heutenant, and others, and 
truly we had no other choyce for our Christmas-day din- 
ner, then a well-grown yong fat dog, as cleanly drest, and 
as finely roasted, as any man need put into his belly : And 
we had no need to complaine, since we had any thing to 
feed upon as was man's meat ; nor need you want such no- 
velty now ; and then, if you do but looke well about ye 



134 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

when you go abroad a preying, whilst there is a care ta- 
ken for a better accommodation for us. In the mean 
time, let's all resolve, with a brave old saying, ' What can 
not be cur'd, must be endur'd ;' for we come here to Uve 
and dye in the King's service without scruphng ; but, Hke 
gentlemen and souldiers, 

" Wei here in point of honour starve, and try 
How long we'l pine with hunger ere we dye/* 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 135 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

Colonel Wise's behaviour to the Author at Dunkirk. 

When Dunkirk came to be your Majesty's town and 
garrison, the regiment of Guards came first to quarter 
there, and the officers but upon half-pay ; yet, notwith- 
standing that, I propos'd amongst them, that it was pro- 
per some of us should go to waite upon the Governor, 
and desire that he would be pleas'd to appoint a perade- 
place for us, in case of an allarum, that we might draw 
up, stand to our armes, and be in a readines if any com- 
mands should come, — which they did not approve off: 
and when a strong allarum, at breake of day, with drums 
beating, clatring and jangling of bells, as if the enemy 
were at the town's end ; then of a sudden I made my- 
self ready, and repair 'd aloan to the Governor, who I 
found aloan in his chamber, and desir'd to know of him 
if he had any commands for those few remainder of his 



136 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

Majestie's regiment of Guards. He very kindly recei- 
ved me, and told me we should be very welcome, and be 
very glad of our company. "Whereupon I made hast 
away, and sent my sarjeant to let Collonel Wise know 
what the Governor had told me, whilst I run up and 
down the quarters, to get the souldiers in as much readi- 
nes as possible I could ; and, for want of a perade-place, 
gave them orders to draw up against Wise his quarters, 
as he was eldest Captaine, and all our Field-officers ab- 
sent, which the souldiers observ'd: And when I came 
there myself, sent several times to Wise to know what his 
orders would be ; but he neither came nor sent, but let 
us go as we came at ; which I was something concern'd, 
and spoake to Ensign Sackfield, and Ensign Stoner, my 
familiar associats, and told them, that they very well knew 
the souldiers of the garrison were some of them who kept 
to beat us out of our countrey ; and ask'd of them, if they 
would take their fortun with me that day, and we would 
go volunteers to waite upon the Governor, that he and 
all of them should see that we were as forward as thev, 
and to go as far as he pleas'd to lead us. They told me 
" With all their harts." Then I went with them to the 
Governor, as he was marching at the head of fifteen hun 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 137 

dred men, and told him they were officers of his Majesty's 
regiment of Guards, gentlemen, and brave fellowes ; and 
that they and myself would own it an honour to take our 
pikes upon our shoulders, and waite upon him that day. 
He return'd as many grateful 'expressions unto us, as if 
it had been the highest obHgation that ever was put up- 
on him, and would not take us from our command. 



L 139 ] 



PART FOURTH, 



Of strange Preservations which were vouchsafed to the 
Author. 

At the Devizes, as I sate upon a small seate of sodds, 
with my back to an empty canon-basket, which lay close 
to the works'-side, a sarjeant that stood by calls me up in 
all haste, to show me three of the enemy, (officer-like,) 
that came to discover our works. I had no sooner start- 
ed up, but he clapt down in my place ; nor was he no 
sooner sate, but a musket-ball struck through the basket 
into his head, and he dyed immediately. 



140 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



Another. 

At Farington garrison, as I was coming down staires, 
and stooping very low, to look upon an accident which 
happened to both my leggs, a canon-shot came through the 
house, and over my head, just that very moment I stoopt, 
and struck into the stayrs, between me [and] a gentleman 
that followed me ; and though I sav'd my head by it, yet 
I had so sevear a blow upon my legg, by a stoan which 
came from the wall, that prov'd very ominus ; for where 
I receav'd the blow, there my leg was thrice broak after- 
wards, and never set right. The first time it was broak, 
was the least of two mischiefs that attended me u|)on a 
loyal account, which I had rather speake then ^^Tite, if 
requisit. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 141 



The Gratitude of the Author to Mr Speaker Lenthall. 

That I have been courted by a seeming great enemy, 
in those days, (when my betters were sold a groat a-dozen,) 
to stay with him, upon the account of what service he 
would do unto your Majestic, if there should come a re- 
volution amongst them, as they expected it ; I was sick 
in my mind to know, whether or no I might confide in 
in him, but did not : Yet, for the exceeding obhgation 
he put upon me for those few days I was at his house ; 
and, as sometimes there are retaliations of civilities from 
one enemy to another, so, after several years absence, and 
when your Majestic was at Oxford, the troope of Guards at 
Abingdon, and I there then upon my crutches, I could not 
rest satisfied untiU I had writt a gratefuU letter unto Mr 
Lentall, as an acknowledgement of those favours I recea- 
ved in the worst of times, for such men as I was. A copy 
of which letter I do here incert, as the nearest wittnes I 
have to affirm what I alleadge : 



142 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

Sir, 
You know it an old saying, and so often affirm'd, that 
" One mischief pursue th' other :" Xor have I, for these 
months that I broake my leg, mett with any thing so 
much to trouble me, as that I cannot come with the first 
to pay my respects, and kiss your hand, being so near the 
place where I receav'd my obHgation, (or rather a bless- 
ing, in that age ;) but I shall leave it unto these my wor- 
thy comrads, to make my appologie, as they know best : 
only thus much be pleas'd to take from me, that there is 
neither hedge nor ditch, between this and your faire man- 
sion, but I could chearfully scale on my crutches to come 
and waite upon you, were it in the least requisit to ex- 
press the devotion and honour I have for you. In the 
mean time, untill I receave your commands, or meet with 
any thing call'd your concern, wherein, if need, I may act 
a gratefull part, I ^\ill publish your merits where I have 
credit, and creat servants unto you, of such gentlemen 
and brave fellowes, whom never had the honour to know 
you, but from 



[ 143 ] 



An Account of one particular Action which I performed in 
every Countrey that I serv'd your Majesty. 



ENGLAND. 

To Farington garrison I came, a stranger amongst 
those eminent souldiers : Three hundred of them made a 
salley upon a siege of fifteen hundred men ; fought them 
three hours and three quarters exactly, by Sir William 
Courtney's watch ; beat them from their works and guards, 
to retreat into strong houses of the town : then we fetcht 
some of our artilery, forst them thence ; and when they 
rally'd, routed them in the open field. For my service 
amongst them, the Governor was pleas'd to confer a com- 
pany upon me, as a reward, and my encouragement.* 

* Justice Rosewell, then tny Lieutenant-Collonel, who preserved my life 
in prison, will affirm this. — Original Note. 



144 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



SCOTLAND. 

At Stranaver, in the Highlands of Scotland, when m} 
Lord Key sent to burn his house, lest the enemy that 
landed should posses it, being upon their march towards 
it, I urg'd to have nothing burnt ; but, if his Lordship 
would hazard his party of fourscore men with me, I would 
meet that three hundred approaching enemy, and beat 
them ; which I did so effectually, that this countrey was 
not at all reduced under the subjection of the usurped 
Commonwealth* 



* Your Majesty had a report of this at CoUaine. Captain Gwilliams, 
late of the royal regiment of Guards, can attest this. — Original Note. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 14; 



FLANDERS. 

With three hundred foot I convoy 'd a boat, with am- 
munition, from Ghent to Courtrey, notwithstanding that 
I was challeng'd at the river-side by a guard of the enemy, 
and the French campe within half a league ; but with an 
advantage of the night, and my contrivance, I marcht with 
an appearance of several great bodys of men more then 
my number, ready to fight ; that they at that instant 
would not engage, but brought their whole army a httle 
to late to do it, that I arriv'd safe. 



There are yet some souldiers surviving, in the Royal Regiment of 
Guards, can aver this. — 07-iginal Note. 



146 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



CONCLUSION. 



I COULD add very much to this small Manuscript, of 
what else has been my observation, besids my own un- 
dertakings and performances, if I thought requisit ; but 
I will rather reduce the total of what more I have to say 
briefly thus : I never objected against any difficulties, 
whatsoever I should meet in going to any place or coun- 
trey to serve my Prince ; but was allways one of the verj* 
first upon all engagements ; and have been at as many 
fights, small and great partys, desperat salleys, and privat 
engagements, as any one man's time could pennitt : nor 
can any just person say, to his knowledge, that ever he 
knew me to act any thing unworthy an honest man, a gen- 
tleman and a souldier. And I hope, that this real ac- 
count of my fidelity and service, with the severity and 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



147 



hard measure dealt me, (unknown before unto your Ma- 
jesty,) will render me the more acceptable unto your Ma- 
jesty's most gracious and wonted promis of reward ; and 
as it may encourage others to profer their duty and ser- 
vice to their King equal, (or above their Hves ;) as, for ex- 
ample, those eighteen or twenty brave fellowes did, at 
Dunkirk battell, or as that small party from the Devizes 
have exprest it, when they courageously sung and fought 
till they routed Waller's rere-guard at Malbrough towns, 
and with a jovial old tune, which here brings up the 
rere.* 



W^^'^ l 



* See the Anecdote, at p. 65. The tune seems nearly the same (as al- 
ready remarked,) with the old Scottish air " Up in the morning early." 



148 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



The Author's Lineage and Pedigree. 

Lest it may not be enough to have no more to say 
then to be a gentleman, as I am a Welshman, or by the 
commission I had ; and, to answer those subtil and pri- 
vat objections made against me upon that account, I do 
herein humbly produce my whole Coat of .\rmes, ^vith 
my paternal line ; and certainly, if there were any gentle- 
men of my forefathers, I have something in me descend- 
ed from those persons ; for I presume, as they were gen- 
tlemen, they were just ; so, under favour, am I honest, 
which, with one tenet more, is the total of my rehgion 
too : And though I can in no way insinuat, to promot ray 
endeavours, yet I can love, honour, and pay my obliga- 
tion where it is due upon any account, as faithfully, and 
in as large a measure, as any man. Your iVIajesty was 
pleas'd to gratify me with no less a character, when the 
severe times of tryal displaid men by their actions what 
they were ; my publick and privat enemys have declared 
it, and I waite for the good success of it, being it lyes 
in your Majesty's royal brest. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 149 



Description of the Coat of Arms. 

Brochvell Ysghrog bore sables 3 naggs heads eras'd 
argent : He was King of Powys, and Earle of Chester, 

The paternal Coat of Gwyn of Trelydan, is the Coat of 
Cadowgan ap Bleddin, Prince of Powys. 

1. Or, a lyon rampant azure, armed and langued gules. 

2. He beareth sables, a cheveran between 3 flowers de 

lizs argent ; by the mariage of the daughter of 
CoUwin, one of the fifteen tribs of ]N"orth Walles. 

3. Gules, a lyon rampant regardant or; by marriage 

with Athelyston Clodriedd, Earle of Hereford. 

4. Three boares heads cooped sables, langued gules, 

tusked or ; by marriage with Broughton of Vlbery. 

5. Gules, a cnop of 3 adders ; by the marriage with 

Ednowain ap Bradiven, Lord of DolgoUey, one of 
the fifteen tribes of North Walles.* 



* The Manuscript contains a Drawing of the Arms, properly blazoned ; 
but the Author has described only five out of the six cantons therein char- 
ged. The copartment omitted is blazoned, " Sable three Falcons or Owls, 
(it cannot be distinguished which,) argent.'''' 



150 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



The Autho7''s curious Pedigree. 

John Gwyn is the second brother son of the House of 
Trelydan, in Montgomeryshire ; he is the son of Robert, 
the son of Edward, the son of Howell, the son of Evan, 
the son of John, the son of Richard, the son of Johel, 
surnamed Gwyn, the son of Howell, the son of Adda, the 
son of Griffith, the son of Mredith, the son of Einion, the 
son of Cynvelyn, the son of Dolphin, the son of Rhiwal- 
lon, the son of Madoc, the son of Cadowgan, the son of 
Convyn, the son of Blythin, the son of Gwerystan. 

Gwyristan, son to Gwaithvood the Great, married Nest, 
the daughter and heyr of Brochwell ap Athen Prince of 
Powys, and by her had issue, Convyn, who married Haer, 
daughter of Blaidd Rudd of Gest, who by her had issue, 
Blythin ap Convyn, Prince of Powys, and afterwards King 
of all Wales, and dyed in the fift year of ^MUiam the 
Conqueror. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 151 

Cadowgan, Prince of Powys, married Gwenllian, daugh- 
ter to Griffith ap Conan, Prince of North Walles, and had 
issue, Madoc. 

Madoc married Jane, daughter to Cynfrig ap Rhiwal- 
lon of Trevor, and had issue, Rhiwallon. 

Ehiwallon married AHce, daughter of Gwergenu ap 
Howell, ap Eva, Lord of Arwistlie, and had issue, Dol- 
pin. 

Dolpin married Alswn, daughter to Cadwallon ap Ma- 
doc of Cery, and had issue, Cynvelyn. 

Cynvelyn married JuHan, daughter to Sir Roger Mor- 
timer, Earle of March, and had issue, Einion. 

Einion married and had issue, 

Mredith. 

Mredith married Sonet, daughter of Gronwey ap Ein- 
ion, ap Seyssylt of Mathavern, and had issue, Griffith. 

Griffith .married Alice, daughter and heyr of AUo ap 
Rhiwallon of Trevenant, and had issue, Adda. 

Adda married Effa, daughter and heyr of Meiric ap 
Axon, one of the Lords of Cery, and had issue, Howell. 

Howell married Ann, daughter of Griffith Heirgoed, 
and had issue, Ithel. 



152 MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 

Ithel, surname Gwyn, married Janet, daughter to Da- 
vid Say of Poole, Esquire, and had issue, John. 

John Gwyn, Esquire, married Ehzabeth, daughter of 
Evan Vaughan, and had issue, Evan. 

Evan Vaughan, Esquire, married , the 

daughter and heyr of Maurice Vaughan ap Maurice, ap 
Madoc, ap Einion, and had issue, Howell. 

Howell Gwyn, Esquire, married Lucie, daughter of 
John Winne of Garth, son of Reignald, eldest son and 
heyr of Sir Griffith Vaughan of Trelydan, Knight Bana- 
ret, and had issue, Edward. 

Edward Gwyn, Esquire, barester-at-law in Grais-Inn, 
married Margret, daughter of Roger ap Cadwalader, ap 
Griffith, ap Merric, and had issue, Reignald and Robert. 

Robert Gwyn, Gentleman, second son of the said Ed- 
ward Gwyn, married Cathrine, the daughter of Oliver 
Price of Forden, Gentleman, and by her had issue, John 
Gwyn, formerly one of the Captaines in his ^lajestie's 
royal regiment of Guards. 



MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 15S 

Brochwelt. ap Athan, King of Powys, above-named, 
was the son of Athan, son of Con gen, the son of Ehssan, 
the son of Gweliawg, son of Beli, son of Mael Myngaw, 
son of Selyfsarph Cadau, son of Brochwell Ysgithrogg. 

This Brochwell Ys^throgg was King of all Powys, 
and had his pallace where the Coledge of St Chadds now 
standeth, in Sallop, then called Pengwern Powys : he was 
also Earle or Consul of Chester, and owner of all the coun- 
trey now called Cheshire. Floriat* Anno Doni. 600. 

* Floruit, we presume; but the Latin is worthy of the pedigree. 



END OF MEMOIRS OF JOHN GWYN. 



ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

EARL OF GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION, 

AS GENERAL OF HIS MAJESTY'S FORCES, 

IN THK 

HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND, 
IN THE YEARS 1653 & 1654 

BT 

A PERSON WHO WAS EYE AND EAR WITNESS TO EVERY 
TRANSACTION. 



-r— — 



L 157 1 

ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

EARL OF GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION, 

AS GENERAL OF HIS MAJESTY'S FORCES, 

IN THE 

HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND, 

IN THE YEARS 1653 & 1654. 



His Lordship left his house of Finlayson in the begin- 
ning of the month of August, 1653, and went to Lochow, 
where several of the chiefs of the clans met him, viz. the 
Earl of Athole,* the Laird of Glengary,f Cameron of 
-.ochiel, ordinarily called M'lduig,:]: John Graham of 

* John, second Earl; and after the Restoration, created first Marquis of 
Athole. 

•f- iEneas M'Donell of Glengary, a chief of great gallantry and influ- 
ence, steadily attached to the Royal cause, and the soul, it would seem, of 
the Highland confederacy. After the Restoration, he was created a peer, 
by the title of Lord M'Donell and Aros. 

I Mac Dhonuil Duibh, i. e. the son of Donald the Black ; the patrony- 
mic title of the Chief of the Camerons. — He in question was the redoubted 



158 GLENCAIRN S EXPEDITION. 

Duchrie, Donald M'Grigor, tutor of M'Grigor, the Laird of 
Inuery, Kobertson of Strowan, the Laird of M'Naughton, 
the Lord of Lorn, late Earl of Argyle,-f and Colonel 
Blackadder of Tulliallan. 

These gentlemen, after some days of consideration 
with his Lordship, promise to bring him out what forces 
they could with all expedition. 

His Lordship, in the mean time, lay to and from the 
hills, not having with him but three servants, and the 
writer of this History, for the space of six weeks. 

The first forces that joined him were forty footmen, 
brought by the Laird of Duchrie. J In two or three days 
after came the tutor of M'Grigor, with eighty foot. 



Ewan Dhu, or Black Sir Ewen, of whom tradition has told so many 
wonders. — See Pexnaxt's Travels. 

■f The unfortunate son of an unfortunate father. The celebrated Mar- 
quis himself observed a temporizing policy during this mountain war ; but 
this his eldest son had become apparently attached to Charles 1 1, when he 
acted as captain of his guards. He treated the King, while in Scotland, 
with more respect than was shewn to him by others of the Presbyterian 
party ; yet did not even then, nor during the course of the present insur- 
rection, escape those suspicions to which he was made a victim after the Re- 
storation. 

X John Graham of Duchrie, a gallant soldier, and believed to be the au- 
thor of the narrative. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITIOxN. 159 

With this force his Lordship went to the house of 
Deuchrie, where within a few days Lord Kenmure joined 
him with about forty horse from the west. Colonel 
Blackader came with about thirty horse, which he had 
got together in Fife. The Laird of M'Naughton came 
with twelve horse : There were between sixty and eighty 
of the Lowland men without horses, but weU provided 
in arms, who were attending for command, under the 
conduct of Captain James Hamilton, brother to the Laird 
of Milnburn — they all were called to a nicname Cravats.* 

Colonel Kydd, governor of Stirhng, being informed 
that the King's forces were come so near him, marched 
with most part of his regiment of foot, and a troop of 
horse, to a place called Aberfoile, within three miles of 
Lord Glencairn. His Lordship having inteUigence, did 
march with the smaU force he had to the pass of Aberfoile, 
and drew up his foot on both sides very advantageous- 
ly ; and the horse, which were commanded by Lord Ken- 
mure, formed the wings. He gave orders for Captain Ha- 
milton's Cravats, and Deuchrie's men, to receive the first 



* Croats, as probably resembling those Austrian light-troops in their dex- 
terity of depredation. 



160 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

charge, which they did very gallantly ; and at the very 
first made the enemy retire. The General perceiving 
this, commanded the Highland forces to pursue, as also 
Lord Kenmure's horse : On this, the enemy began to run 
in earnest ; — they lost about sixty men on the spot, and, 
it was said, about eighty in the pursuit : No prisoners 
were taken on either side.* 

His Lordship succeeding so well, received reinforce- 
ments daily. He then marched to Lochearn, and from 
that to Lochranoch, where, at the hall in the isle of the 



* The romantic pass of Aberfoil has been celebrated in the modern ro- 
mance of Rob Roy. — It begins at the first opening of the lake, after lea- 
ving the little inn ; and as the path runs betwixt the water and the moun- 
tain, it formed a pass, where, to use the language of Cromwell on a simi- 
lar occasion, "one man might do more to hinder, than three to make way.'" 
The tradition of the spot preserves some particulars. — Grahame of Duch- 
rie's Castle, situated about a mile to the eastward of the pass, was burnt by 
the English the morning before the action: but the gallant owner was al 
ready in arms with his followers. A spot, marked by a clump of trees, 
where a distinguished English officer fell by a shot from the opposite side 
of the river, is still called Bad an Shas.saiich, or the Saxon's Clump.— 
About the same time the English soldiers aticmptcd to intercept the insur- 
gents, by forcing their way through the Trosachs, a celebrated pass of 
Loch Kathrine. In this also they were unsuccessful: and it was then an 
English soldier was poniarded by Helen Stewart, in an attempt to land up- 
on the little island in the lake, — an incident which the Author of the Lady 
of the Lake has taken the liberty to press into his service. — See the Xotes 
to the last Canto. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 161 

loch, the chiefs of the clans met him. From thence he 
dispatched commissions to the Lowlands for men and 
horses, and for seizing all the arms they could find. 

Several of the clans joined him : The Laird of Glengary 
brought 300 men ; Cameron of Lochiel, 400 ; the tutor of 
M'Grigor, 200. Sir Arthur Forbes, and General Irvine, 
his Lieutenant-Colonel, with several officers, came with 
about eighty men on horseback ; the Earl of Athole hke- 
wise brought 100 horse ; and a regiment of brave foot, 
consisting of near 1200 men, commanded by Andrew 
Drummond, brother of Sir James Drummond of Maha- 
ny, his Lieutenant-Colonel. 

These noble persons being ordered, gave commission 
to several of their friends to go to the Lowlands and levy 
what men they could. The army then marched down to- 
wards the Marquis of Huntly's bounds, where several 
gentlemen came in. 

The Laird of Inuerey* had a rendezvous in Brae-Mar, 
for uplifting a regiment : General Morgan, who lay at 
Aberdeen, being informed of the day of their meeting, 
drew out of the several garrisons 2000 foot, and 1000 

* Farquharson. 
X 



162 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

horse and dragoons, and marched with these against us, 
day and night : We not having inteUigence, he fell in 
with our outer-guards, and pursued them so hotly, that 
our forces had much ado to draw up : And had it not 
been for John Graham of Deuchrie, who got a fall at the 
foot of the Glen, and, with forty of his men, gave the ene- 
my a smart fire, some of our men being among them ; by 
good fortune, he killed the officer who commanded this 
advanced party, who would have entered the glen before 
us ; but the loss of this commander checked their career. 
In the mean time. Lord Kenmure, who commanded 
the van, marched away with great haste to our reUef — 
The foot took the glen on both sides, which led us to the 
Laird of Grant's ground, called Abernethy-Wood. Mor- 
gan now having gotten up his foot, ordered them to march 
up the glen. Our Lord-General seeing him pursue so 
hotly, kept the rear with some gentlemen, and would not 
change his horse, though he was mounted on a nag not 
worth 100 merks Scots. Those who waited upon him 
were the Laird of M'Naughton, Sir Mungo Murray,* who 

* He had been, according to Burnett, Whipping-Boy to King Charles, 
and enjoyed a considerable portion of Royal favour, whicli, according to 
the same authority, he turned to tlie purposes of court- intrigue. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 163 

killed one of the enemy's officers as they entered the pass, 
Nathaniel Gordon's* son, a brave gentleman, Major Ogil- 
vie, Captain Octrie Campbell, Captain John Rutherford, 
who wants the leg, Colonel Blackader, the Laird of Glen- 
gary, Lord M'Donald, and a few other brave gentlemen 
I cannot name. The glen was so strait, that most only 
two could march a-breast, and in some parts but one. 
The enemy were so eager, that they fought on foot as 
often as on horseback. We had eight miles to travel 
through this glen, before we could reach the Laird of 
Grant's country ; and the enemy did not give over the pur- 
suit till night parted us. 

Morgan lay in the glen all the night, and next day 
marched to Cromar, and from thence to Aberdeen.f 

We lay in this country about five weeks, and also in 
Badenoch. Lord Kenmure was sent with 100 horse to 
Argyle, to bring up what forces Lord Lorn had raised s 
and he had got together 1000 foot, and fifty horse, who 
joined us at Badenoch. But Lorn being discontented 



* The gallant Colonel Nathaniel Gordon, executed along with Mon- 
trose. 

f It appears from the Appendix, that the English claimed the victory. 



164 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

in a fortnight's time marched away with his forces, on the 
1st day of January, 1654.* 

Our liOrd General having intelligence of this in the 
night-time, sent the Laird of Glengary and Lochiel, ^^'ith 
as many horse as could be got ready in time, to pursue 
him, and bring him back wdth his forces, or otherways to 
fight him. Lorn marched straight to the Castle of Euth- 
ven of Badenoch, a house belonging to the Marquis of 
Huntly, wherein there was an EngUsh garrison. Glen- 
gary being eager in the pursuit, overtook him before he got 
within half a mile of the castle. Lord Lorn seeing this, 
slipt off with what horse he had, and left the foot at Glen- 
gary's mercy : He presently commanded a party of horse 
to follow Lorn, who could not overtake him, but brought 
back about twenty of his horsemen. Lord Lorn's foot 
being diawn up on a hill, did beat a parley, and offered 
to return to his Majesty's service under the General. 



* The cause of Lorn's immediate discontent seems to have been, that he 
desired to exercise the power of a feudal superior within the bounds of the 
Gordon family, over whose lands Argyle had acquired right during the 
predominance of Presbytery. Glencairn, on the other hand, denied that 
Lorn, in right of his father, had any interest in Huntly's bounds. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 165 

Glengary, not satisfied with this, was going immediate- 
ly to fall upon them ; for he had an old grudge against 
them since the great Montrose's war : But our Lord Ge- 
neral then coming up, and hearing of what they had of- 
fered, ordered one to tell them, that he would not treat 
with them till they laid down their arms, which imme- 
diately they did. 

The General, and several of the officers, then went to 
them, and they all declared they were wilhng to re-enter 
his Majesty's service, and would not again desert. On 
this the General caused both officers and soldiers of them 
to take an oath, which they did very freely : But, in less 
than a fortnight, not one of them were to be seen in our 
army. And we saw not Lord Lorn, nor any of his men, 
since that time.* 



* Burnet, in speaking of this insurrection, says of Lord Lorn, that the 
jealousy of the father caused the son to be suspected. — " The Earl of Glen- 
cairn had like to have spoiled all ; for he took too much upon him,— and, 
upon some suspicion, ordered Lord Lorn to be clapt up, [a favourite ex- 
pression of the good Bishop,] who had notice of it, and prevented it by an 
escape, otherwise they had fallen to cut one another's throats, instead of 
marching to the enemy." — History of his own Times. Folio. 1714. Vol. I. 
p. 58. 



166 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

There was one Colonel Vogan,* who came from Eng- 
land to our army, with near 100 gentlemen, well armed 
and mounted. The Colonel himself unfortunately died 
of his wounds he received in a re-encounter with a troop 
of the Brazen- Wall regiment, as they called themselves. 
Notwithstanding of his wounds, he routed the troop, and 
killed the commanding-officer. It was said, that in all the 
wars none of this regiment were beat till now.f This brave 
gentleman's wounds were made whole ; but, by some un- 
known occasion, they broke out again, which occasioned 
his death : His troop remained with our army till we were 
dispersed at Lochgary. 

Our army, both horse and foot, being now considerable, 
by the great numbers of new levies that every day join- 
ed us, the General, with the rest of the officers, thought 
fit that we should march to the lowlands of Aberdeen- 
shire : So we went to Balvonie, and from thence to a place 

* The name of this gallant cavalier lias been lately introduced in the po- 
pular novel of Wavcrley. He assembled his troop of cavaliers iti London, 
and marched through England, though then entirely subjected by Crom- 
well, almost openly, yet with such judgment and celerity, that he avoided 
being intercepted. 
•f They arc called in the Appendix the Brazen-Wall regimenL 



GLENCAIEN^S EXPEDITION. 167 

called Whiteloomes, near which was a garrison of the ene- 
my in the castle of Kildrummie, belonging to the Earl 
of Marr ; Morgan not daring to face us, knowing our ar- 
my to be stronger than his. After we had been here a 
fortnight, we marched for Murrayshire, where we lay a 
month ; — our head-quarters was at Elgin. 

The English had two garrisons in Murray ; one at Bur- 
gie Castle, the other at Caddie : but, notwithstanding 
both these, we were not molested. We had very good 
quarters here, and made very merry ; for we had wasted 
the Highlands by being so long there. 

The Marquis, son to the great Montrose, joined the Ge- 
neral at Elgin, with above twenty gentlemen. Lord For- 
rester likewise joined us, with some men, and one little 
Major Strachan. 

The General having received intelligence from Lord 
Middleton* of his arrival in Sutherland, with several other 



♦ General, afterwards Lord, Middleton, d soldier of reputation, who had 
at first embraced the side of the Parliament, but afterwards that of Charles 
II. He was made prisoner at Worcester, and, escaping out of the Tower, 
fled abroad, and made a part of Charles's wandering court. He was sent 
from Holland, with such assistance as the King could procure of arms and 
money ; and with commission to supersede Glencairn in the command of 



168 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

officers, from his Majesty, viz. Major-General Monro, as his 
Lieutenant-General ; Daiziell, as Major-General of horse 
and foot ; Drummond, as Major-General of foot ; Lord 
Napier, as Colonel of a regiment, &c. ; he ordered his 
army immediately to march for Sutherland. Morgan 
having intelMgence of this, marched on our rear, and, as 
we passed through Murray, had many smaU skirmishes 
with us, in which our noble General was always pre- 
sent, ordering fresh parties to relieve those that were en- 
gaged. In this manner we were employed for two days 
and nights. 

We invested the house of Brodie of Lethem, who held 
it with a garrison of his own men for the English. The 
General sent an order to him to deliver up his house, for 
his Majesty's service, which he refusing to do, and on the 



his tumultuary and divided army. Immediately after the Restoration, 
Middleton was in high favour, and became the Royal Commissioner to 
the Scottish Parliament. But his temper was too violent for this eleva- 
tion : He conducted himself with imprudence and precipitation, — was un- 
dermined by Lauderdale, — and shared the disgrace of his patron Claren- 
don. He was sent, as an honourable banishment, to Tangier, in the capa- 
city of governor, where breaking his rib by an accidental fall, the fragment 
of the bone is said to have injured the noble parts, and the wound proved 
mortal. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 169 

approach of our men, killing three or four of them from 
the windows, his Lordship was so incensed, that he or- 
dered his soldiers to fiU up the court and gate with seve- 
ral great stacks of corn : this he set fire to, in hopes that 
the smoke thereof, the wind blowing on the house, would 
stifle them so much that they would be obliged to sur- 
render. But it took not that effect ; they still held out 
against us, and we lost four or six men more ere we left 
it. 

The General, on the morning that we marched, order- 
ed all the Laird of Lethem's land and barn-yards to be 
burnt, which accordingly' was done. This was the only 
skaith of that kind by him ordered during the whole time 
of his command.* 



* Brodie of Leatham was treated by Glencairn with the more severity, on 
account of his relationship to Alexander Brodie of Brodie — a zealous Cove- 
nanter, whose love of Presbytery did not, however, prevent him from taking 
on himself the office of a Judge during Cromwell's usurpation. The following 
extracts from Brodie's Diary, a very rare and singular tract, will serve to shew 
how much he was embarrassed by the arrival of Glencairn and his forces. It 
may be remarked, that the Laird of Brodie sometimes speaks in the first, but 
more frequently in the third person. Among other curious traits of enthu- 
siasm evinced by a man who seems otherwise to have possessed a sound and 
intelligent understanding, it would seem that he more than expected an espe- 
cial inspiration, like that vouchsafed to David, 1st Samuel, chap. 23. In 

Y 



no GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

We next marched to a pass that lay eight miles above 
Inverness, where having arrived, we transported our whole 
army over Inverness water. We kept a strong guard, and 



truth, the Laird of Brodie, to use the phrase of the time, seems to have had 
no freedom to comply either with Glencairn or the EngUsh, and was hard 
bestad in the difficulty of preserving himself from both. 

" %tli January. — Hearing of the approach of Glencairn and his forces, his 
heart grew like a stone — stupid, and without any motion, or life of God. He 
was confused in his resolution — not knowing if it were safest and freest from 
temptations, to stay at home, or to withdraw to the south or north. Being 
plunged in this darkness, and not knowing what to follow, he desired to 
mourn and be cast down before the Lord, as a little child ; and to hold up 
his will and mind unto him, to learn the present duty. 

" Lord, stir up, and dispel the confusions and darkness on his mind, and 
make his path plain before him. Help him to exercise faith in thy name, 
for the present strait. Sanctify the word of thy providence to his soul this 
evening, (1 John, ii. 15, 16, 17,) that the love of the world may not secretly 
and insensibly sway his mind, and blind and mislead ; but he may purely 
see thee, that art the light ; for where the love of the world is, there is not 
the love of God. As David sayeth of Keilah, Will tlieyg'we him up or not ? 
So, Lord, he desires to enquire anent his stay here ; or, shall he remove or 
not .^ Give forth and signify thy will ; for he believes in thy name for this 
particular.'' 



" This afternoon I received Glencaim's letter and the Quarter-master's. 
He was afraid, and trembled, and was cast down, and spread it before the 
Lord, and desired to be directed what answer he should give, and get what 
to write from the Lord. And again, on the 13th day, received another let- 
ter from him ; to which he answered. 



GLENCAIKN^S EXPEDITION. 171 

lay in great safety in this country, the English having no 
garrison to the north of us. 

The General set out for Dornoch, to receive Lord Mid- 



" Now, oh Lord, his chief and only suit at the beginning was, an honest, 
faithful heart in this business ; and to be freed from all crooked, subtil, 
crafty, politick, and carnal ways and overtures, which corrupt reason might 
present and offer to him, for avoiding the fiery suffering trial ; that he may 
be found clear in the Lord's sight, through Jesus Christ, albeit plundered or 
wasted. His heart smote him for walking doubly betwixt these men ; that 
while he put 

" Oh Lord, I sought thee ere this people came into the coimtry ; and my 
prayer to thee, and thy answer, seemed to be on the 5th of January, That 
he should labour to be innocent and free from sin, rather than to be safe ; 
and that he might be kept in a plain, upright path ; and be delivered from 
every wicked, politick, crafty, wise way, which might insnare my soul and 
grieve thy spirit. Now, this, this is his prayer again, and shall be to-morrow, 
being the 15th day of January, in a fast with these of the protestation, for 
light and direction to them for the furtherance of the gospel, and setting it 
up through the dark places of the land ; for mercy to them that are under 
thy rod, such as thy servant Waristoun in particular." 



" 18^A January. — I considered and observed the Lord's providence since 
their coming to this country. 1 . The Lord raised the water, and hindred 
their coming on Leathin his bounds, which was their great design. 2. When 
I was half fainting, and enquiring at the Lord anent complying by giving 
money, the English, without any expectation, or the least motion or procure- 
ment from me, came to Darnaway ; and even then, when I could not tell 



172 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

dleton's commands, who was now Captain-General ; and 
after some days spent with Middleton, ordered that there 
might be a general rendezvous of the whole army, that 



what to advise the poor tenants to do. 3. I observed the evil of my hasti- 
ness. 4. The Lord's redding these of Nairnshire out of perplexity. 5. In 
all this, that he has the Lord to thank, and to adore, and not men. This 
shall not serve to persuade him to joyn issue with the English ; for the Lord 
doth secretly keep off and interdict my spirit from leaning to, or closing 
with them. But, oh Lord, here does my temptation ly. Oh thou that dost 
all things for me, guard my heart against this snare ; for I beheve in thy 
name for more light and more strength. The more thou appearest and 
givest, he will believe in thee the more, and expect more and more. 

" 19th, — This day Glencairn and his forces crossed Findhorn ; and, as he 
observed the Lord's goodness and providence in putting that people back, 
without doing me extraordinary hurt, even when they determined it ; so he 
adored the holy, wise providence of God, in permitting his brethren of Lea- 
thin to be engaged with them ; and how does he mingle the comfort of his 
escape with that sad humbling accident. He desired to enquire to-morrow 
into, 1. The causes ; 2. The occasions ; 3. The fruit and use and ends of 
such a trial, and the Lord's purpose in it. 

If there be meikle fead [hatred] from Highlanders, or wicked, godless 
men, we will take thy name for a sufficient stay and refuge against all that 
trial. If thou be on their side, who can be against them ? Let them [be] 
friendless, and have all men against them, so thou be for them. Thou art 
more than a hundred thousand clans, or great men or enemies ; and we will 
make this covenant with thee, — If thou wilt be our God, we shall be thy 
people ; and we shall [not] give thy praise and our trust to any other. 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 173 

he might examine how the men were armed and mount- 
ed, and know with certainty what he had to depend up- 
on. They were mustered accordingly about the middle 



" 20th. — Glencairn burnt the corns and houses of Leathin, Oh Lord, 
sanctify and help us to understand, and be humbled under this hand of 
thine. Upon the news, I said to Leathin, having risen from prayer, ' My 
heart is calm, and I do rejoice in God, and bless his name.' Albeit, there 
may be in us matter of humiliation for meikle guilt ; yet his rod seems not to 
be pure wrath, but mercy in it." 



" 22d. — I observed the ignorant, hasty, wrong-applying, and construing 
his providences of the 18th January, in thinking that the danger was past, 
and see their not attaining their end at first. The stop which they met with 
by the water of Findhorn is now repaid ; so may also his conclusions anent 
himself. 

*' 24^7*. — With reading Tit. iii. 1, 2. Put them in mind to be subject to 
principalities and powers — to obey magistrates, 4-c. Shewing all meekness 
to all men. He was smitten with this word, and casten down under the de- 
facing of that ordinance, and prayed for the restitution of it to its proper re- 
verence and authority and vigour. This word swayed him much to the Scots 
power in arms, being in a great averseness from the usurpation, confusion, 
and unlawful power and constitution of the English. Oh Lord, the very in- 
clination of his heart afflicts and humbles him. Albeit, seeing confusion, and 
the necessity of a settled government, and the bad consequences that have en- 
sued the defect thereof; yet mourning under the corrupt depraved estate of 
the land, and the woftd consequences of the setting up such rulers as were 
[not] native to us. 



174 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

of March, and their number consisted of 3500 foot, and 
1500 horse; 300 of which were not well mounted nor 
armed. 

There was a small English pink cast away in a storm 
on the coast of Sutherland, loaden with between thirty 
or forty tons of French wine, which was distributed 

" This day I went to Leatliin, and determined to give a stack of oats and 
straw to his poor people, because of his freedom and their safety ; both in 
duty of love and obedience, and in sign of thankfulness ; for his safety was 
from thee. Oh Lord, humble and teach — humble and teach, and lead him 
in a straight, even path, for thy name's sake."" 

" His owii reason resolved him, that if he could get a pass and a safe- 
guard to his family from Glencairn, that he .should remove. Oh Lord, he 
spreads this counsel before thee. The day has been in other cases ; nay, and 
few days hence, that he would have scorned at this overture." 

" See the Diari/ of Alexander lirodic ofBrod'ic, Esrj., who rca.<i one of the 
Senators of the College of Justice in 1650 and 16.58, (an office he accepted, 
the last time, after much resistance and reluctance ;) and a gentleman of 
shining piety. Containing his devout exercises in reference to the state of 
his oicn soul, of his family, and the Church of God ; his conferences xcith 
Messieurs Leighton, Blair, DurJuim, Rutherfoord, Douglas, Hutchison, 
Lord Waristoun, Sir John Chiesly, ^r. concerning the differences beticccn 
the Protesters and Resolutioners, t^r. ,• his pious care in the management of 
his family — in educating the youth alx)ut him — and engaging himself xcith 
his friends and neighbours to stedfastness in t/ie ways of God ^ 7cith several 
remarkable occurrences in those times, and serious reflections upon them. 
Taken fom his oicn manu.scripf. — Edinburgh, printed by T. Lum.sden and 
J. Robertson ; and ,wld by the booksellers in London, Edinburg/i, Gla-tgvw, 
and Aberdeen, 1740.''' 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. . 175 

among the officers of the army, and a ton thereof order- 
ed for Lord Glencairn. 

The army being drawn out in order, Lord Glencairn 
went through every regiment of horse and foot, and in- 
formed them all that he had now no longer any other 
command than as a private Colonel ; and that he hoped 
they should be very happy in having so brave a noble- 
man for their commander as Lord Middleton: and so 
many, both of officers and soldiers, could not refrain from 
tears, protesting that they could have wished to have 
spent their Hves and all under his command. 

After this, the General Middleton did entertain them 
all in his quarters. Then Lord Glencairn invited him, 
and his General-Officers and Coloniels, to dine with him 
at Kettle, a house four miles south of Dornoch, the head- 
quarters. His Lordship gave them as good cheer as the 
country could affiard, and made them all very hearty. — 
After dinner, he called for a glass of wine, and expressed 
himself to this purpose to the General : " You see, my 
Lord, what a gallant army I, and these noble gentlemen 
with me, have raised out of nothing. They have hazard- 
ed hves and fortunes to serve his Majesty. Your Excel- 
lency ought therefore to give them all the encourage- 



176 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

ment you can." Immediately Sir George Monro* start- 
ed from his seat, and interrupting Lord Glencaim, said, 
" By God, the men you speak of are no other than a pack 
of thieves and robbers. — In a short time I vdW shew you 
other sort of men." Glengary started up, thinking him- 
self most concerned ; but Lord Glencairn stopt him, and 
said, " Forbear, Glengary, 'tis I that am levelled at :" and 
directing himself to Monro, told him he was a base liar ; 
for they were neither thieves nor rogues ; but jnuch bet- 
ter than he could raise. General ]Middleton command- 
ed them both to keep the peace ; and addressing them, 
said, " My Lord, and you. Sir George, this is not the 
way to do the King service, to fall out among yourselves : 
Therefore, I will have you both to be friends :" and call- 
ing for wine, said, " j\Iy Lord Glencairn, I think you did 
the greatest wrong in calling Sir George a liar, — you shall 
drink to him, and he shall pledge you ;" which the noble 
and good Lord did \\Tithout any hesitation. Sir George, 
after his old haughty humour, muttered some words, 
which were not heard, and neither pledged him nor 



* See some disadvantageous mention of this gentleman in Gwyn's Me- 
moirs, and a note upon tlie passage, p. 103. 



GLENCAIRN^S EXPEDITION. 177 

drank to him. The General then ordered his company 
to horse. Lord Glencairn would have conveyed him to 
the head-quarters, but his Excellency would not allow 
him to go farther than a mile. So he returned to his 
quarters with Colonel Blackader and John Graham of 
Deuchrie. He became exceeding merry on his returning 
home, and caused the Laird's daughter to play on the 
virginals, and all the servants to dance. Just as he was 
going to supper, Alexander Monro, brother to Sir George, 
caUed at the gate, when his Lordship commanded imme- 
diately to let him in, and saluted him at the hall-door as 
being very welcome, and made him sup with him, placing 
him at the head of the table, next the Laird's daughter. 
The whole company were very merry. Immediately after 
supper, he told Monro that he would give him a spring if 
he would dance ; which accordingly he did — the Laird's 
daughter playing. While the rest were dancing, his 
Lordship stept aside to the window, and Monro followed. 
They did not speak a dozen of words together. My Lord 
called for a glass of wine, and drank to him ; said he feared 
he would be too late to go to the head-quarters. As soon 
as he was gone, he called for candles and went to bed. 
Blackader and Deuchrie lay in the same room with his 



178 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

Lordship. As soon as he went to his room, the whole fa- 
mily went to bed. None was privy to my Lord's design 
but John White, his Lordship's trumpeter and his valet. 
It was agreed, that as the nights were short, my Lord 
should meet Monro half way between Dornock and his 
quarters, by gray day-light ; so that my Lord got not two 
hour's rest ; and though the two foresaid gentlemen lay 
in the room with him, he went out to the field and re- 
turned without their knowledge. None went with him 
but his trumpeter ; and Monro came with none but his 
brother the Lieutenant-Colonel. They were both well 
mounted on horseback ; each of them were to have one 
pistol ; after discharging of which, they were to fight with 
broad-swords. The pistols were fired without doing hurt. 
They then engaged with their swords ; and after a few 
passes, my Lord had the good fortune to give Sir George 
a sore stroke on his bridle-hand ; whereupon Sir George 
cried out that he was not able to command liis horse ; 
" and I hope," says he, " you ^^-ill fight me on foot." — 
" Ye carle," says my Lord, " I vriH let you know that I 
am a match for you either on foot or on horseback." 
Whereupon they both alighted ; and at the first bout, 
my Lord gave him a sore stroke on the brow, about an 



GLENCATRN'S EXPEDITION. 179 

inch above his eyes, which bled so much that he could 
not see. His Lordship was going to thrust him through 
the body ; but John White, his man, pusht up his sword, 
and said, " You have eneugh of him, my Lord." His 
Lordship, in a passion, gave John a stroke over the shoul- 
ders, and then took his horse and came to his quarters. 
Monro and his brother went to the head-quarters, but 
with much ado, for the blooding at head and hand. 

The General being informed of this affair, instantly 
sent Captain Ochtrie Campbell to secure Lord Glencairn 
in his quarters, which was done before six in the morn- 
ing. The manner of securing him was by taking his 
sword, and commanding him to be arrested in his cham- 
ber, and taking his parole not to disobey the General's 
order. This happened on Sunday morning. 

There feU out an accident the week ensuing, which 
made the breach wider betwixt Lord Glencairn and 
Monro. Captain Livingston, who came with Monro, and 
a gentleman called James Lindsay, who came with Lord 
Napier, had some hot words ; Livingston alledging Mon- 
ro was in the right, and Lindsay the contrary. They went 
out early in the morning to the Links of Dornoch, and 
fought. Lindsay thrust Livingston through the heart, 



180 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

who died on the spot. Lindsay was unfortunately taken ; 
and the Lord Glencairn and many of his officers dealt 
with him. He immediately called a Council of War, by 
whom he was sentenced to be shot at the Cross of Dor- 
noch, betwixt that and four in the afternoon ; which was 
accordingly done. He begged the favour of chusing the 
men that would shoot him. 

My Lord was greatly troubled for this gentleman's 
death ; and allowed nothing to be wanting to bury him 
handsomely. Sir George carried so high, that no reconcile- 
ment was to be had betwixt my Lord and liim. So his 
Lordship, on that day fortnight after the duel was fought, 
which was on Sunday, set out for the south. He took no 
more but his own troop vnth him, and some gentlemen 
volunteers that were waiting for command ; — in all, about 
100 horse. We marched straight to the Laird of Essen's 
bounds. The General having notice of his Lordship's de- 
parture, sent a strong party to bring him back, otherway 
to fight him. His Lordsliip ha^'ing arrived in safety at 
the Laird of Essens,* he offered liis serWces to secure the 



* MacLeod of Assint, by whom Montrose was betrayed. He was tried 
for the crime after the Restoration, but escaped, as Burnet alleges, by as- 
suming a high spirit of vice and intcnux^rance, and giving large entertain- 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 181 

passes, so that the whole army, though they were pursu- 
ing, should not be able to come near him that night. My 
Lord was obHged to accept of this favour, though this 
gentleman was said to be the person who betrayed the 
great Montrose ; yet others affirm it was his father-in- 
law, he being very young at that time. 

Next day his Lordship marched for Kintail, belonging 
to Lord Seaforth. He was kindly received by the gen- 
tlemen there ; and stayed some days to refresh his men 
and horses. From that he marched to Lochbrune, and 
from thence to Lochaber ; next to Eannoch ; then to Kil- 
Unn at the head of Lochtay, where he rested for eight 
days, till Sir George MaxweU, his own Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel, had brought him about an hundred horse. 

The Earl of Selkirk here joined him with 60 horse ; and 
Lord Forrester, with one Uttle Major Strachan, and one 
who went under the name of Captain Gordon, came up 
to him with 80 horse. This Gordon was an Enghshman ; 
his real name was Portugus ; he was hanged at the Cross 



ments even while in prison, which suited the extravagance of the times, and 
made him so many friends as to screen him from the punishment, which he 
had so richly deserved. Perhaps this service to Glencairn might also af- 
ford Assint some means of defence. 



182 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

of Edinburgh, after our capitulation, for deserting with 
several troopers from them. Several of our captains, with 
their men, joined his Lordship ; but he thought fit to 
send them back to the General, that the King's service 
might not suffer when occasion did offer ; and they went 
accordingly and joined the army. My Lord contracted a 
violent flux, so that all of us thought he would have died ; 
yet he continued to travell by small joumies, having none 
with him but his own servants, and some gentlemen that 
had commissions. He came at last to Leven, belonging 
to the Laird of Luss, and quartered at his house called 
Eosedoe. He was still careful in le\'}'ing men in the 
Lowlands ; and, within a month, got 200 horse. 

We left General Middleton the latter end of April in 
Sutherland, and then marched to Caithness, where he ex- 
pected to have got reinforcements from Lords Seaforth 
and Rae, and some others that Monro assured him of, but 
was disappointed of them all. From this he marched 
south. Monk had now gotten command of the army in 
Scotland, and had a considerable force. He ordered 
Morgan to draw out what forces could be spared from 
garrisons, which he joined to his o^nti army at Aberdeen. 
He gave part of his army to IVIorgan ; and they both set 



GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 183 

out on different roads, but within a day's march of each 
other, for the Highlands, in search of Middleton. 

The King's army marched to Lochgarie ; near which 
there was a small town, where they were to encamp all 
night. But Morgan, who intended to rest at the same 
place, had gained it before Middleton ; and having no in- 
telHgence of each other, the King's vanguard and Mor- 
gan's outer-guard immediately engaged. There was no 
ground for drawing up ; for on one hand the Loch hem- 
med them in, and on the other the ground was all mo- 
rass, so that no horse could ride it ; and the way by the 
Loch-side was so narrow, that two or three only could 
ride a-breast. Middleton finding this, ordered his rear to 
face about, so that our van became our rear ; and these 
EngHsh gentlemen in our army being then in the rear, 
did behave most gallantly. Morgan pursued very close ; 
at last he made himself master of the General's sumptu- 
ary, where was his commission and aU his other papers. 
He presst so hard, that the King's army ran as fast as 
they could, and in great confusion. There was no great 
slaughter, as night came on soon after they were engaged. 
Every man shifted for himself, and went where he best 
Uked. A few went with the General ; but where they went 



184 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

I can give no account. He appeared no more in arms af- 
ter this ; but went over to his master in Flanders. Many 
of Lord Glencairn's men that were at this engagement of- 
fered their services to him at Rosedoe ; but he told them 
that the King's interest in Scotland was broken by the 
shameful flight at Lochgarie ; and that as he was so much 
indisposed, he intended to capitulate for himself, and 
those that were with him, and if they pleased they might 
be included ; so he desired them to consider of it till next 
day, and then inform him of their resolution, that he 
might know how many to capitulate for. The officers 
next day waited on him to inform him, that as they had 
taken arms under his command to serve the King ; and 
as he thought at present they could be of no service to 
his Majesty, they were willing to be included in the capi- 
tulation wdth him. 

My Lord sent immediately Commissioners to ^tonk, 
who lay at Dalkeith ; and it was a full month before the 
business was closed. The treaty was once broken off: 
on which my Lord, hearing there was a party of horse 
and dragoons quartered in Dunbarton, resolved to beat 
them up. We had an outer-guard at a foord all the 
time we lay here. It was passable no nearer than within 



GLENCAIRN^S EXPEDITION. 185 

four miles of the town of Dunbarton. His Lordship or- 
dered 200 of the best horse he had to pass the ford, un- 
der the command of Sir George Maxwell of Newark, his 
Lieutenant-Colonel ; and as soon as they crossed the ri- 
ver, to ride at hard gallop till they reached the town. 
This was done near one o'clock, when they were judged 
to be at dinner. Accordingly, all this was done. Those 
of the enemy that could escape by flight, got to the Cas- 
tle ; about 30 of them were killed in the town, and 20 
made prisoners. 

All the horses belonging to this party were taken, and 
200 loads of corn, which we carried off with us. When 
this defeat was reported to General Monk, he immediate- 
ly brought on the capitulation, and condescended to much 
better terms then than formerly. 

The conditions were, that all the officers and soldiers 
should be secure in their lives and fortunes, and should 
have passes to carry them to their respective homes ; they 
behaving themselves peaceably in their journeys. The of- 
ficers were allowed their horses and arms, and to wear 
their, swords always. The soldiers were allowed to keep 
their horses, but were to dehver up their arms, and to re- 
ceive the full value for the same, which was to be fixed 
2a 



186 GLENCAIRN'S EXPEDITION. 

by two men chosen by my Lord, and the other two by 
Monk. All these conditions were punctually performed 
at Dunbarton ; and there two long tables set up upon 
the green below the Castle, where the passes were deli- 
vered, and the money for the arms of the soldiers. 

This was done on the fourth day of September, 1654 ; 
and my Lord Glencairn went that night to his own house 
of Finlayson. 



END OF GLEXCAIRX'S EXPEDITION. 



APPENDIX. 



EXTRACTS FROM THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, 

ILLUSTRATIVE OF 

THE PRECEDING MEMOIRS, 

AND OF 

THE STATE OF SCOTLAND IN GENERAL, 

DURING THE YEARS 1652-3-4. 



VERSES ON GLEXCAIRN'S INSURRECTIOX. 

The following encounter of wit, which occurs in an old manuscript, and seenis to 
have been extracted from a Journal of the period, may be taken as a motto for the 
following Appendix, as it serves to shew the parties, like Corporal Nym, tried the 
question with the humours both of wit and steel. However superior with the sword, 
the Republicans make a bad hand of the poetry. 

The )9ih of April/, 1653. 

I have received this day the Highlander's Diurnall, which I leave to better judgments 
than mine own to interprett the same. 

Te coven welt tat gramagh * teng, 

Gar brak hems word, gar de hems keng ; 

Gar pay hems sesse, or tak hems clase, 

Vel no de cat del comer de leers ; 

Vel bid a file amang de crowes, 

Vel seer to swad and wishe te bowes. 

And fen her nen sel se te re, 

Te del may car fu gromaghe.* 

Interpreted hy me, J. Emersok. 
The commonwealth, that filthy t thing, 
Makes break his word, makes die his king; 
Makes pay his cess, or take his clothes, 
Wee'le not do that, deel take the liers. 
We'l bide a while among the crowes, 
We'l scour the sword, and bend our bowes, 
And when our own selfes see the king. 
The deel may care for the filthy thing. 

Answered by me extempore, as reed, J. E. 
You brutish Highlanders, what is the thing, 
That ye soe much desire to have a king ? 
Your sesse is little, and your clothes are bad. 
Surely I think the devill hath made you mad. 
You say you'll stay amongst your rocks and hills. 
But for your gutts wee have prepared i)ills, 
To send you loving subjects with your kingc 
To Tophet, where your nanus shall highly ringe. 
Now see your pseudo priests have taught you well 
The nearest way to the abyse of hell ; 
And truly I commend their serpent's witt, 
Because for heaven they thought you were not fitt ; 
Now see your doom, you idle, drunken sotts, 
And tak't as triith, you are the worst of Scotts. 

I have not disturbed the spelling of the manuscript, though, beinfj taken down bv an EnglL»h- 
man, who did not understand the broken dialect of the Highlanders, it is nearly unintdligiblc. Tl.c 
proper orthography may have been as follows: — 

The commonwealth, that graniaugh thing, 
(lar break hems word, gar die hems king; 
Oar pay hems cess or take hems [gear,] 
M'e'll no do that, deil speed U lear. 
^\'c'll bide a while amang ta crows, 
M'e'll scour ta sword and bend ta bows, 
And when her nain sell sees ta re, 
Ta deil may care for t'romaghic. 

In the last line a pun seems intended between the name of Cromwel and the (.aelu- irfaniajjh, 
which signifies ugly. " ^ 

f (»rim, or ugly. 



EXTRACTS 



MERCURIUS POLITICUS. 



No. 117. 
From Leith, August 91, (1652.) 

Here is very little newes at present. What we have from the Northern 
Highlands is this : That Captain Powell, (of General Monke's late regiment,) 
Governor of the Bray of Marre and Ruthven Castles, lately going with a 
partie and provisions from Ruthven to Marre, a broken partie of Loughaber- 
ans, or other Highlanders, way-laid him ; but receiving notice his partie were 
too considerable, they drew off undiscovered, and continued thereabout, un- 
till twelve of that party returning back to Ruthven to their garrison, these 
broken fellowes had designed to ensnare thent in a narrow passe which they 
were to goe in. But such was the resolution of the troopers, that they cut , 
their way through them, and recovered safe away. Another party came down 
and stole some cattell between the Bray of Marre and our Campe, (which was 
the 15th instant, at Mirlock, twelve miles from Dunkell,) the country not 
hav-ing time to acquaint Colonel Morgan with it, fell resolutely on them, 
killed divers of them, and took their chiefs prisoners, whom they conveyed to 
Captain Powell at the Bray of Marre ; and thence they were sent by a guard 



190 APPENDIX. 

to Dun-ottyr Castle. We have heard nothing from the Major-General since 
he went from Aire to Argile and Cantire. This day the Commissioners from 
the several counties made their election of twenty-one men ; viz. fourteen per- 
sons to represent the shires, and seven persons for all the burroughs, who are 
to make their repaire to the Parliament of England, or such places in Eng- 
land as the Parhament shall appoint, upon the first day of October ne^t. 

From Jyre, August 19, (1652.) 

The Major-Generall is now about Innerara or Cantire, viewing the several! 
garrisons there. Colonel Alured hath sent from his regiment 135 men to 
three garrisons ; viz. Braddock in Arran, Loughhead and Tarbat in Cantire ; 
eight month's provision is laid in for them. The !Major-Generall was minded 
to come this way at his return. Our fortification here goes on fast, after we 
get the foundation laid. We are very much troubled with water, and have no 
earth but a shattering sand, that as we may dig in one place, another falls 
upon us ; but we hope, before the winter come upon us, to get all or most part 
of the foundation laid. When it is finished, it will be a place of great strength 
as wiU be in England or Scotland. The fresh water will be seven or eight 
feet deepe about two parts of it, and the sea and the river about the other 
two parts. 

From Edenhurgh, August 21, (1652.) 

The deputies of the shires and boroughs have made their election of their 
deputies who are to goe to London, or where the Parliament shall appoint. 
Their names follow. For the shires — Judge Lockhart, the Laird of Orlxv 
stone, Judge Swinton, James Lord Carneg)-, the Laird of Gartland, Gibson 
Lord Durie, the Laird of Heire, the Laird of Riccartoune, the Laird of Iten- 
toune, Stewart I-ord Lintoune, the Laird of Glenfaug, the Laird of Garroth, 
the Laird of Faunichie, and the Laird of St Lennoards. For the boroughs 
— John Joussie, Sir Alexander Wcdderburne, John Milne, George Cullcn, 
Andrew Glen, James Snord, Daniel Wallace. 



APPENDIX. 191 



From Inner ar a, in the Western Highlands, August 18, (1652.) 

I cannot present you with any thing of worth or weight from the Western 
Highlands, where is little notable but what is also notorious and abominable. 
Here are store of garisons ; viz. high and inacessible rocks and mountains, 
not to be stormed or taken by battery ; the inhabitants are savage, crueU, co- 
vetous, and treacherous ; the men are proud of their trouses, belted plades and 
bonnets, as a Spaniard is of his high-crowned hat, long cloak, and rapier ; in- 
deed they differ in their pace, for this tells his steps in the pace of a grand 
paw, whilst than runs hke a roe, over hill and dale, tiU time stops him. Their 
women are pure Indian complexions, unparalleled for deformity ; their habita- 
tions are hke so many inaccessible charnel houses, for nasty noysomness. We 
have garrisoned four of Argile's Castles ; viz. Lough Killarran, Tarbott, 
DunstafFage, and Diuiottyr. Wee are now at Innerara, his Stample-dale, or 
Imperiall Palace — a place of some receipt, but of small strength. His Lord- 
ship speaks us fair, and we hope to gain his and his people's subscription to 
the engagement, guilke [quhilke] they seem willing to doe with qualifications ; 
however, he hath given it under his hand, that he will very shortly, in per- 
son, present himself to the Parliament's dispose. 



MERCURIUS POLITICUS. 

No. 118. 

From Thursday, September 2, to Thursday, September 9, (1652.) 
From Dalkeith, August 31. 

Major-General Dean is now withdrawn with his forces out of the High- 
lands, and come to this place, having left them in as good a condition as could 
be expected, from a people of such a temper, in so short a time. Some of 



192 APPENDIX. 

them have given iis a taste of their treacherous disposition, by siirprising two 
of our garrisons in Cantire, called Turbott and Lough-head ; and as our men 
were marching off out of the country, they aU rose as one man in those parts, 
and took up their station at a narrow place which our men were to pass 
through, as if they meant to intercept them ; which ours having inteUigence 
of, resolved, notwithstanding, to march on and make their way. But, con- 
trary to expectation, the Highlanders let them pass quietly, pretending that 
they had heard we were carrying away the Marquis of Argyle prisoner, whom 
our officers have left at his house. 

This carriage of theirs, as also their surprisaU of our garrisons, is totally 
disclaimed by Argile himself, who hath given it under his hand, that he 
agrees to the making of Scotland a commonwealth with England, professing 
that he will be true and faithfull to it, as estabUshed without a King, or House 
of Lords ; and that he wiU neither directly nor indirectly act any thing con- 
trary thereto. Upon these terms, hee is left at home with assurance to enjoy 
his freedom and estate in his own countr}\ 



No. 120. 

From aboard the Marygold, in the Road of Ay re, September 11, (1652.) 

All the news here is of the late perfidious dealing of the Highlanders, 
which, though you might have heard of in gcnerall terms, yet the particulars 
are thus : When our men did put them in minde of their obedience to the 
commonwealth of England, and bade them take heed what they did, for that 
the IVIarquis of xVrgile was engaged for their good behaviour ; they returned 
answer, that they were upon their own accompt, and that Argile had nothing 
to do with them ; but beleeve it he that list. They told also, that they had 
men of their own upon our men's horses, which they took, and had sent the 
men prisoners to the mountains ; for our men that kept the garison at Lang- 
head were dragoons, who held it out two dayes, not having all their men 
within to make defence. For these Highlanders managed their designe with 
much treachery. They enticed our souldiers out to drink, unknown to their 



APPENDIX. 193 

captaines, and by that means got many of them out of both garisons ; and the 
dragoons were looking to the horses in the fields were also surprised, but so 
secretly, that the garisons knew not of it. Only at night they missed some 
of their men ; and next morning, they seeing the Highlanders to and again, 
sent out two files of men, to see if the houses and rocks were clear ; which 
two files were every man kiUed but two, by a party in the Lord of Dunstaf- 
nage his house, his son being chief in the action ; they killed three men 
more also after quarter ; by which behaviour you may guess the temper of 
this brutall generation. 



No. 121. 

September 30, (1652.)* 

Mynheer Von Hemsteede is still the but of bad tongues, and among other 
things for buying stoln goods ; so they call your late King's moveables, as 
pictures, books, beds, tapistry, &c., quis tulerit Gracchos f Who can with 
patience hear capers and sharks accuse others of theevery ; nay, a state, which 
in a course of justice makes a re-entry upon that which is their own, when 
abused and embazled by their tenant-at-will, and by their steward, who, when 
unfaithful, ought to give up his trust, and give an account of his stewardship. 
The said Heer Paauw, when he was last in England, is said to have bought 
the Emperor Charles his picture on horseback, a piece drawn by one Michael 
Angelo, a Umner, which piece the Duke of Buckingham lays claim to, say- 
ing, his father lent it to the king. Is not this an embleme of the world's 
folly, admiring shadows and scuffling for pictures .'' 



* This extract has no relation to the proper su^'ect, but is inserted for the benefit of 
those connoisseurs who may be desirous of knowing in what estimation the art of paint- 
ing was held by the English republicans. 



194 APPENDIX. 

No. 127. 
From Edinburgh, November 2, (1652.) 

It is now given out that Argile hath finally closed with the English, and 
made an agreement concerning the Highlanders. The particulars are not 
well known, but they affirm he hath gotten good conditions for himself, and 
all his own lands freed from publick burthens. He hath also sold some can- 
non to the Commonwealth, for which he is to get good payment. 

There was a man condemned for a witch, a verj' simple fellow, but he was 
reprieved. It is very observable in him, that upon a commission from the 
Judges in June last, and afterwards before the Judges, he confessed himself 
to have had familiar converse with the de\'il, — That he gave hira a piece of 
silver, which was put into a crevice of his neighbor's hous who had crosst 
him, and thereupon all his cattle and horses died ; and (after a year's lan- 
guishment) the woman herself. He said also that lie renounced his name, 
for which the devil gave him a new one, which is Alexander, or Sandy. That 
he sometimes lay with the devil in the likenes of a woman, with many other 
stories of that nature ; and yet most of them that have conversed with him 
say they cannot believe him to be a witch. Before the judges at his triall, 
he denied all that he had confessed before, and said he was in a dream. Yet 
the very day that he should have been executed, he was not at all afraid, but 
seemed indifferent whether to live or die. 

The trueth is, he lived in so poor a condition, and was (through his sim- 
plicity) so unable to get a hvclyhood, that he confessed, or rather said any 
thing that was put into his head by some that accused him, upon the confes- 
sion of some who have died witches. By this you may guess upon what 
grounds many hundreds have heretofore been burnt in this country for 
witches.* 



* The Sectaries, however weddeil to their own enthusiastic ilreanis, were free trom the 
infatuated belief in witchcraft, which characterized the Presbyterians both in Scotland and 



APPENDIX. . 195 

No. 136. 
From Leith, December 21, 1652. 

The English Judges at Edinburgh sat every afternoon on Wedn.esday, 
Thursday, and Friday last, upon criminal causes, where these three persons 
following were found guilty and condemned, viz. William Tenant, to be 
hanged first on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh, till he be dead ; and after that 
to be hung in an iron chain between Edinburgh and Leith ; he was guilty of 
many murders and roberys : having confessed that he had murdered forty be- 
fore ; and, but that what is proved now against him is sufficient, it could be 
proved against him that he hath murdered sixteen at two several times. He 
was very desirous to undergoe any punishment, that his life might be spared ; 
but being told by the Judges, he had noe pity for the English when they beg- 
ged for life, noe pity should be shewn unto him. 

James Ker, a minister's son, who formerly went by the name of Harrison, 
then Clendoning, an old moss-trooper, nothing of murder proved against him, 
heretofore being in custody for robbing a soldier, broke prison and had now 
like to escape justice, being accused for stealing a horse by cutting his hair 
and smearing his face ; but one present having jealousie of him, and the mar- 
shaU being asked whether they knew him or not, he was discovered and 
condemned to be hanged. The Judge-Advocate intends to desire his re- 
prieve, to make use of him against Richardson, he having formerly been of 
his party. 



England. During the brief domination of Presbytery in the latter country, a great many 
unhappy victims were executed, under the directions and upon the evidence of a pretend- 
ed witch-finder, called Hopkins, mentioned in Hudibras. The infatuation continued 
in Scotland to a much later period ; the last witch being executed in Sutherland in the 
beginning of the last century. 



196 APPENDIX. 

Some soldiers of Captain Waddall's (troope quartering at Houston, a gen- 
tleman's house near Peasly,) found therein behind the hangings sixty fixed 
muskets, with bandeliers answerable, the boxes aU filled with powder, and a 
great box of new cast bullets ; which being discovered to Major Richardson 
of CoUonell Overton's regiment quartering at Peasly, and some rumor of 
armes being hid in the churches, did so far instruct them, as that they call- 
ed the magistrates and ministers of the town togeather, and strictly inquired 
whether they knew of any armes hid or noe ; Mhich they denying, they sent 
to search the church, and finding a part of the wall new made up again, put 
them to it, whether that there were any thing hid there ; but they persisting 
in denying, the soldiers broke it down, and there found these parcels of arms 
as follows : — viz. 155 muskets, 63 pikes, 120 collers of bandeliers, 313 swords, 
and bundles of matches, and a quantity of powder. 



No. 140. 
F7-0VI Le'ith, February 5, (1653.) 

Glengary is still busie (though to small purpose) in the Highlands. The 
heads of the clans did not appear, as he expected ; but they arc to have ano- 
ther meeting ere long, at Loghaber. 

The Oliver frigat, a private man-of-war of 18 guns, is gon out this week, 
and more are equipping out for that ser\'ice, to snap some petty freebooter 
upon that coast. 



No. 148. 

From Edinburgh, August 20, (1653.) 

Upon Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, the 12th, 13th, and 14th instants, 
the Highlanders lay on a wood about three miles from Rutliven Castle, a ea- 



APPENDIX. ^ 197 

rison of ours the nearest to those mountains. We expected they would ad- 
vance farther, for they gave out great words to that purpose ; but on Sunday 
night a brother of the Lord Ogilby's came to them, and made a relation of 
the conflict at sea, how that the Dutch were routed and run home. This so 
surprised them, that immediately after they dispersed themselves, some go- 
ing one way, and some another. 

Lord Lorn, the Marquis of Argile''s son, with Mac Lane and their men, 
returned homeward over the hUls. Glencarne and Glengary went with theirs 
up the water of Spey, towards the Brays of Loghaber, (their usual place of 
refuge,) much troubled that their designes are thus blasted in the bud. Our 
Commander-in-chief will now, (I suppose,) suspend his march into those parts ; 
however, he may probably, ere long, give an alarm with some of his forces. 



No. 167. 

Frovi Edinburgh^ August, (1653.) 

We have now certain intelligence, that on the 27th of July Charles Stu- 
art's standard was set up at Killing.* On that day, 40 horsemen, well mount- 
ed, with swords and pistols, went by the house of Donne (six miles from 
SterUng) towards the Highlands. And on the 28th, Sir Mungo Murray 
went thither in the night ; and Kenmore, with 100 horsemen, crossed the 
water of Clyd, and went by Dundreth towards Killin, and is returned into 
the south to raise more forces ; for they intend speedily an attempt against 
us. On the 30th, Glencairn was at Maggrigor's house in Loth Kennoth, 
and hsted three men there ; to each he gave 2s. 6d., and sent them for the 
Lowlands, there to be in readiness, and to return on notice. All possible 
is used to receive him, if he comes into these parts. Bohanty is a place of no 



Killin, at the head of Loch Tay. 



198 APPENDIX. 

strength ; but the best of three ways out of the Highlands. On the 31st July, 
in the night, divers horsemen went through Strath erne, by the house of 
Oadeth, into the Highlands. 

Further from St Johnston's, August IS. — Last night I received intelli- 
gence that Middleton is landed in the Highlands, with arms, amunition, and 
men, and intend some sudden exploit. My intelligence saies they intend te 
fall on Inverness, and that the Highlanders did intend to fall upon the 
Mernes and Angus ; and I find there are many broken parties out at this 
time. 



No. 170. 
From Edinburgh, September 3, (1653.) 

Colonel Cobbet and his party got possession of Lewis Island about ten 
dayes since, and had the arms of the place surrendered to him without the 
least opposition. 

The day following, a man of war of 16 guns, that went with the party for 
Lewis, was seen near the shore sounding the water, and not far from Elian 
Donnel, a house of the Lord Seaforts ; which Lord, having news of the Eng- 
lish landing, would have garrisoned Kintale, but could not effect it. Major 
Bird, one of our commanders, died of a fever in Orkney, August loth, who 
was intended for to be the governor of Lewis. 

Out of Stirling we have notice, that the Lord Lorn (Argilc's son) and 
Kenmore came within seven miles of Stirhng with 120 horse ; but upon the 
appearance of some horse of ours they retreated. 

Colonel Lilburn, our commander-in-chief, (having no occasion to march 
on, the Highlanders being quiet, and many of them desiring to live under 
protection,) is returned back to Dalkeith. 



APPENDIX. 199 



Frovi Dalkeith^ September 3, (1653.) 

Colonel Cobbet entered Lewis Island about fourteen dayes since, and the 
arms of the island brought in to him without any opposition. 

On Tuesday was seven-night, Major Bird dyed of a fever in Orkney. 
Seafort is doing what he can to secure EUendella,* a house of his in Kintaile 
over against the Lewis ; but few of the people come into him, and I hope our 
forces will reduce that before Colonel Cobbefs return. 

The Lords Lome and Kenmore are busy about the west of Stirlingshire ; 
and were with about 260 horse and foot within seven miles of the garrison, 
fired at some of ours, and killed an horse out of the ambuscade. Col. Read 
is marched out against them with three companies of his own regiment, and 
three troops of horse. 

Glencarne is gone to Mula Island ; but to what purpose is not known. 

The Assembly at Aberdene was lately disturbed by Colonel Morgan, who 
drew a protestation from Mr Andrew Cant and the rest against him. 

Sir James M'Donald, who is the great man in the Hebrides-Islands, sent 
hither the other day to Colonell Lilburne, for protections for himself and some 
friends, and expressed much resolution to preserve peace, &c. 

I conceive the Lord Lome's case desperate, by reason of his father turning 
him off, makes him joyne with that wretched fellow Kenmore, and other 
vagabond people, to live upon the spoile ; but all they can doe wiU not sig- 
nify any thing to speak of; nor will these wild people be able (I conceive) 
to make any considerable disturbance. 

Vpon Col. Lilburne's going to Sterling and St Johnstone, he found those 
parts very peaceable, and met some Commissioners from the West Counties, 
to give him assurance of their peaceable intentions, to prevent any jealousies 
of their actings together, with their utter dislike of any of those proceedings 
that have bin, or are among the Highlanders. 

* EUan Donan, the principal castle of the Mackenzies. 



200 



APPENDIX. 



No. 171. 
From Edinburgh, September 10, (1653.) 

What small attempts have bin made toward Stirling garison by the ram- 
bling party under the Lords Lome and Kenmore, you had an account by the 
last post, and how they were repelled by Colonel Read's regiment. The Mar- 
quis of Argile declaims much against the courses of his son the Lome, hold- 
ing forth very large affections for the public peace, which we hope are reall, 
and that he will not forfiet by any after proceedings ; nor shall we suspect 
him, till we see real ground for the contrary. He is now labouring to reclaim 
his son from that desperate party to which he hath given up himself. 

All the stirrs in the Highlands are at a stand still, and the ringleaders re- 
tired to their severall stations. When they will venture out again, is not ima- 
ginable ; but being desperadoes, they know no other way of prosecuting their 
private ends, but by disturbing the publicke, as often as they fancy a favor- 
able opportunity. 

The ministers arc not so forward as they were, to pray for their pretend- 
ed King in express terms ; but they hint it shrewdly in their prayers to that 
purpose. 



No. 170. 



From Dalkeith, September 6, (1653.) 



In my last I acquainted you with the Lome and Kcnmores coming near 
to Stirling, and Colonel Reads marching towards them ; since which there 
hath been a little skirmish, wherein they killed us two horse and two men, and 
wounded us about twenty men and some horses ; but they were as well re- 
quited. When the craggs could shelter them no longer, thev left our men 



APPENDIX. 201 

upon plain ground. There appeared fifty of their foot, and some horse ; di- 
vers of their foot run along the hills, from hill to hill, flanking of our men, 
and gauling us upon our retreat, which occasioned our loss. Colonel Read 
yet lies in the field near Port, by the isle of Montieth, near which the en- 
gagement was.* 

As yet we hear no further from Lewis. Here are divers Dutch pickeroons 
that rove upon these coasts. 

You have here inclosed a copy of a paper, sent by Kenmore to the Lord 
Cardrus, whereby you may note his confidence. 

My Lord, 
I doubt not that your Lordship knows the intentions of this kingdom ; 
also, the posture of affairs, and how they are ordered ; therefore your Lord- 
ship is hereby required to put out your proportion of horse and foot ; your 
horse to Sir Mungo Murray, your foot to the Laird of Duchraye, with assu- 
rance, so long as thir bounds shall be sufficient, I must expect quarters of 
you ; but in expectation of your forwardness, I remain, 

Your humble servant, 

Kenmore. 
September 2, 1653. 

I also desire provision conform to my quarter-master's note, may be pro- 
vided this night, so that it may be conveniently brought to where I 
shall be. 



* This relates, no doubt, to the skirmish at the pass of Aberfoil, or the similar scuffle 
at the Trosachs, near Loch Katrine. 

2c 



202 APPENDIX. 



FoK My Lord Caedhcs. 

These are to require the Commissioners of Cardrus, to bring into John 
Niper's house, within two hours after sight hereof, thirty wedders, four and 
twenty pecks of meal, sixteen stone of cheese, as you will answer upon your 
highest peril. 

JOHX IXGLISH. 



No. 172. 

Scotland, September 17, (1653.) 

The Highlanders are indifferent quiet, onely since they and others of this 
nation cannot subdue that power of the English that is amongst them, they 
destroy as many particular persons as they can take advantage of; there has 
been lately many cruel murders committed. Three of Colonel Fitchews regi- 
ment were killed looking to the officcr"'s horses, in sight of Inverness. Three 
Scots in and near the town (whom they were acquainted with) discoursing with 
them, each took his opportunity and durkt his man, and rode away to the High- 
lands with the horses, where this treacherous act was liighly applauded. Mr 
Fulford barbarously murdered between Peterhead and Frizleburgh, going af- 
ter Colonel Cobbet. Last week a soldier of Major Bridges troop, going with 
two suspitious persons that he had before apprehended near St Johnston's, 
they took advantage of him coming down an hill near the bridge of Earn ; one 
took him by the hair, and the other drew out his sword and run him through. 
Also, two or three that came from the the Bray of Maner Castle, have been 
murdered by some Highlanders, (who they caU Caterens,) that is, Cnran, 
robbers ; they have stolen divers horses out of severall of our quarters, and 
carried them into the Highlands, where there is no pursuing them. The 
Highlanders propose to have 1000 together in the latter end of this month, 



APPENDIX. 203 

which shall be a standing party under the command of Glencarne. M'Aldy* 
is to raise 200, M'Clane 200, Seafort 300, and Glencairne and Glencary to 
make up the rest ; they resolve to keep together till they have aid from the 
King of Scots, which they give out will come to them shortly ; or, however, 
the next spring they report that the English dare not (at least cannot) do 
them any prejudice, except they fall into the Lowlands, which is not intend- 
ed by them, untill they have more strength ; and they will, if they can pos- 
sibly, prevent the countries adjacent to the Lowlands, from paying any as- 
sessment to the English, but to themselves. 



No. 172. 
By Letter from Scotland, thus : 

Sia, 

Yesterday, Captain John Hume (who was sometime since reported dead,) 
was brought prisoner hither ; he and some others were to have commissions 
from Glencarne, and to have made a general rising for Charles Stewart ; so 
that I perceive the design of the rising was epidemical. Marquis Huntly is 
coming to give bond for his peaceable demeanor and submission to the present 
government. I have heard nothing of Major Cobbet since his possessing Mula 
Island, though I hope he has done something on Seafort's house in Kintaile 
before this. Major Barrel, who commands a private man of war belonging 
to Colonel Atkins of Leith, yesterday brought six small Dutch prizes into 
Leith harbor. 

From Ireland we are credibly informed, that there are now again up in 
arms 800 Tories in a body ; but we doubt not but they will be suddenly dis- 
sipated, since all care will be taken to suppress them, before they further 
increase. 



Lochiel, called MacDhonuil Dhuy, the Son of Black Donald. 



204 APPENDIX. 

Nothing further from our fleet, but that most of the great ships are come 
in ; the rest are upon the coast of Holland, plying to and again. 



No 173. 

From Dalkeith, September 22, (1653.) 

While Colonel Cobbet staid in Mula Island, the Marquis of Argile came 
thither ; and by his advice and assistance the heritors of the countrey were 
brought to engage, that themselves and tenants shall live peaceably, obey the 
authority of Parliament, and pay sess as the rest of the shire of ArgUe doth ; 
and further, engage not to act, nor suifer Mac-Cleane the tutor, to act any 
thing prejudiciall to the affairs of the Commonwealth, nor the garison settled 
in Dowart, nor pay any rent to the said Mac-Cleane, out stiU in rebellion, 
and was at our coming thither in the isle with Glencame, to raise them to 
joyn with those that are to meet m Loghaber, the first of October ; but upon 
our coming they went to Tyrree Island.* There happened the 23d instant 
a very violent storm upon their coasts, which continued si.vteen or eighteen 
houres, in which we lost the Martha and Margaret of Ipswitch, a large ship, 
which carried all oiu* remaining stores of ammunition and provisions, only 
the great guns and mortcr-piece were saved. We lost a small man of war, 
called the Swan, Captain Tarleton, commander, with two small ones, and 
most of our boats. But that which was most sad, was the loss of the Speed- 
well of Lynn, which having twenty-three seamen and soldiers in her, they 
were all (save one man) cast away. The loss of provisions occasioned Co- 
lonel Cobbet to boat over his men to DunstafFenage, and so to march them 
through Argile's country, a dangerous passage, in ca.se the rebels, which are 
now on foot, should interrupt them in their passage, which they are preparing 



* Glencairn's journey to the Isles, is not mentioned in the preceding narrative of 
Duchrie. 



APPENDIX. 205 

to doe, though I hope he will get through the Highlands before they can be 
in readiness. The wind was so violent, that, in one place, so much of the 
topp of a rockie hill was blown down, as that the stones feU from it covered 
an acre of ground. 



No. 174. 
From Edinburgh, October 1, (1653.) 

Things are here at present in a quiet posture ; "but its because they are 
kept so by vigilant force, for the coals are blown by the discontented kirkmen, 
(who are daring to pray for Charles Stuart,) doe yet remember him in covert 
terms, and such as are well enough apprehended by the people. They 
hanker still after that broken reed, being fed with stories from beyond sea 
which raise expectation. They talk of arms and ammunition to be landed ; 
and they say Middleton is the man that must bring them out of Holland. 
Thus far the truth is, that Middleton hath strongly endeavoured to get sup- 
ply at the Hague ; but the States have hitherto rejected him. 

In the meantime, the Highlanders doe ramble up and down, and make 
incursions into the Lowlands with small parties. The most considerable of 
them is Kenmore, wilfh his companions. 

A bill for the uniting and incorporating of Scotland into one commonwealth 
with England, was read the first time, and a day appointed to read it the 
second time. 



206 APPENDIX. 

No. 175. 

Westminster, October 11, (16-53.) 

The bill for uniting and incorporating of Scotland into one Free State and 
Commonwealth with England, was this day read the second time, and com- 
mitted. 

Edinburgh, October 8, (1653.) 

The Highlanders increase their numbers. Many persons of desperate lives 
and fortunes running in to them, and, for their better pro>Hsion, steal horses 
throughout the country. It is certain they intend to much trouble, and make 
all preparations possible for that purpose ; and in my opinion, if they be not 
timely checked, the disaffection of many of the Lowlands will engage them- 
selves in the same design, and carry them on to desperate course. They 
expect great supplies from Charles Stuart ; however, it is without question, 
he will extend his utmost interest to carry on this business, and rack all his 
relations and friends for fiiel to his fire ; and the Dutch wiU not fail to cast 
in their faggot. It is one comfort that the manager}- of this and other affairs 
is in the hands of one that hitherto hath, and, I trust, will over-rule all such 
malignant designs. 

Leith, the same date. — The inclosed is the first course taken to suppress 
that growing party of rude people in the Highlands, (which some call bob- 
tails). They are now become numerous by an addition of 5 or 600, which 
makes them above 1000 horse and foot ; but the most effectual course will be 
taken (God willing) to suppress them, though it will be hard service tliis win- 
ter season, and the places where they are inaccessible. 

You have herewith an inclosed proclamation. 



APPENDIX. 207 



By the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Scotland. 

Whereas his Excellency, by his proclamation of the 5th day of November, 
1650, heretofore published, (remaining still in force,) requiring plenary satis- 
faction for goods, and life for life, taken from any of the English army, of 
those parishes and places where the fact should be committed, unless they 
should discover and procure the offender. And whereas the Commissioners 
appointed for administration of Justice, have lately published their proclama- 
tion, for the suppression of vagabonds and masterful beggars. Notwithstand- 
ing which proclamation many thefts and robberies, and murders are frequently 
committed (upon English and Scots), by the gathering together of many des- 
perate, rebellious, and broken people, upon the breas of the Highlands, and 
in some other parts of the nation ; for prevention whereof, and for the pre- 
servation of the peace for the time to come. 

These are strictly to require all Magistrates and Officers, as well civil as 
military, and all other persons whatsoever, to take care, that no suspected per- 
son or persons travel or abide within their bounds or jurisdictions, without 
calling them to account for the same ; and if they shall not give good account 
of themselves, to cause them to be secured ; and if any of the said rebellious 
persons, or any person suspected belonging to them, or travelling to joyn with 
them, or coming from them, or any spy or intelligencer of theirs shall come 
within any burgh or parish, such burgh or parish are hereby strictly required 
either to apprehend them, and keep them in safe custody, or cause timely 
notice to be given to the next adjacent forces of the English army, who are 
hereby required, in like manner, to apprehend and secure ; notice thereof is to 
be given in writing to the Judge- Advocate of the army : Or if any person or 
persons shall refuse or neglect his or their duty in the premises, they shall 
be adjudged, deemed, and taken as disaffected to the peace of the Common- 
wealth, and proceeded against accordingly. 

And if any shall at any time furnish the afforesaid rebellious persons with 
moneys, horses, arms, ammunition, victual, or any kind of necessaries or pro- 
visions whatsoever, or be any wayes ay ding, abbetting, assisting, or counte- 



208 APPENDIX. 

nancing them by advice, counsel, intelligence, connivance, or any other cor- 
respondency whatsoever, such person and persons shall be adjudged, deemed, 
and taken as enemies to the Commonwealth, and proceeded against accord- 
ingly. 

And for the encouragement of all such as shall apprehend any of the afore- 
said persons, or shall bring or give timely intelligence to the next forces as 
aforesaid, of any parties falling from the Highlands into the Lowlands, or of 
any persons hereby intended, or of any person or parish, who shall not neglect 
his or duty, in pursuance of this proclamation, such person and persons shall 
be lookt upon as friends to the peace of this nation, and gratified and reward- 
ed for his or their good service done therein. 

Given under my hand and seal at Dalkeith, the 27th day of September, 
1653. 



R. LlLBlRX. 



To be proclaimed at the Mercat-Cross, in the Burgh, 
according to the usual manner. 



No. 1T5. 
From Collonel Lilburn, at Linl'ithgov;, October 8, (1653.) 

Hearing that the Highland Tories were to have taken a randezvouz near 
the head of Lough Lomand, not far from Sterhng, we are drawing some 
forces that way to prevent their in-fall ; but they take their op|X)rtunitics in 
the night time, and steal horses, and increase their body daily ; and we per- 
ceive the ministers are not altogether ignorant, nor free from correspondence 
with them. Could we but tell how to come at them, I should hojie to give a 
good accompt of them. 

Glengary is gone to meet Sir James Macdonald. Kenmore hastens all lie 
can together. The Marquis of Argile stands firm yet ; and some that have 
formerly been out, are (notwithstanding the present stir) come in, and desire 
to live peaceably under protection. 



APPENDIX. 209 

No. 176. 

From Scotland, October 18, (1653.) 

The commander-in-chief marched from Dalkeith to LinKthgow, where two 
companies of Lieutenant-General Monk's regiments and three troops of horse 
lay th.at night. We had intelligence that Kenmore went from Busse to the 
head of Lough Long, the 7th instant, with all his men, to meet Colonel Mac- 
naughton, who came over the Lough with him about six dayes since with a 
party of foot. His men run away from him daily, so that what he increaseth 
one day he loseth another. He marcheth with a runlet of strong waters before 
him, which they caU Kenmore's Drum. Yesterday, we had intelligence at 
Colonel Lilburn's arrival at Glasgow, that Kenmore and his party was re- 
ported to goe into Argile's country. We are now upon our march to Dum- 
barton. 

Fi'om Dumbarton, October 16, (1653.) 

Having marched within sixteen miles of the Marquis of Argile's house at 
Innerara, with a regiment of foot and 150 horse, to see if we could have done 
any thing to have either engaged or snapt Kenmore, or any of his party ; we 
found him with his party so far before, and the way so impassable for us, es- 
pecially at this season of the year. After we have taken a view of a great 
house some ten miles hence, I returned hither, and am going over Clyde into 
Renfrew and Aireshires, to see in what temper the people are there. Since 
my coming back hither, I heard from the Lord Argile, who gives me an ac- 
compt that his countrymen and clan doth not answer his expectation in 
joining with him to oppose Kenmore, who, it seems, is not yet above six 
or seven hundred horse and foot. Yet the Lord Argile tells me he cannot 
advise me to advance further, though he suffer never so much by those To- 
ries, who, (according to my intelligence yesternight,) are near unto Cantire, 

2d 



210 APPENDIX. 

where there are a party of Lowland men unwilHng to receive them, as I am 
informed, and pretend they will oppose him. 

The season not being apt at present for our forces to enter that country ; 
nor are they so considerable as to deserve it. These troubles we may very 
well expect and look for, from a brute and savage people, who, in the most 
peaceful times, were seldome free from the Uke turbulencies. 



No. 177. 

Edinburgfi, October 22, (1653.) 

The insolence of Kenmore and others, Highlanders, hath shewn itself by 
their incursions into the Lowlands. He hath been lev}ing men a-s far as 
Dumbarton, and sent to raise men and contributions of money, not far from 
Glasgow. But since that, he hath been glad to retreat, because "of the ad- 
vance of our Commander-in-chief; besides, part of our forces marched agootl 
way towards Argile's country ; who himself declares a detestation of these 
courses among the men of his country, and inveighs bitterly against his son. 
the Lord Lorn, for joyning with him, but can neither reclaim his son, nor 
keep his vassals from running out to him. 

Another from the same place speaks thus : — The Commander-in-chief hath 
taken a march along the frontiers and brayes of the Highlands, and so Ken- 
more with his roving party retreated to their fastnesses. He hath planted 
some garisons to prevent their incursions. Some of the ministers of that party, 
called Remonstrators, intend a meeting suddenly. There arc divers fisher- 
men brought into Leith. 



1 



APPENDIX. 211 

NUMBER 178. 
Thursday^ November 10, (1653.) 

The Highlanders make a noise still, but can yet affect no great matter. 
The Marquis of Argile hath been worried out of his country by a party of 
them under the command of his son the Lord Lome, and Kenmore, who 
are the great ring-leaders in those parts ; and particularly, they fell into 
the Island of Cantire, a place under the said Marquisses jurisdiction, where 
they committed many acts of outrage and plunder. 

They had no sooner done this, but hearing that our English forces were 
upon the advance that way, they immediately made a retreat where none, 
they know, can foUow them. The Marquis himself, finding, upon their ap- 
proach, that his vassals would not rise to oppose them, because the Lord 
Lome was among them, resolved thereupon to quit the country, and is since 
come hither. However, some of the planters in Cantire refused to assist or 
supply them either with arms or ammunition ; and when they had plundered 
them of aU their cat tell and horses, and the very clothes off the backs of many 
people, the inhabitants took heart, and followed them with a party of horse, 
whereby, though they miss'd of recovering the prey, yet took MacNahan,* 
a chief leader of their crew, and some others. 

Seafort and Glengary are, with a party of three hundred horse and foot, 
gone towards Loghaber, where they hope to make up a considerable number, 
and to fall upon the North, and secure that if they can, for their quarters, and 
forward their design. It is given out among the people that the Dutch are 
very numerous out at sea. 



* MacNaughtan, then a Chief of some consequence, is mentioned in the preceding 
narrative as having joined Glencairn with twelve horse. See p. 159. 



212 APPENDIX. 

No. 179. 
From Leith, November 7, (16-33.) 

The people here are harkening still to novelties, and affect any thing that 
sounds ill to the Government. They talk much of the Dutch being returned 
out of Denmark, and coming upon our coasts, and what wonders wiU be done 
thereby at sea. This conceit adds courage also to the Highlanders, who make 
up what force they can, and talk of a general rendezvous, as they have done 
often before, when they expected action at sea, and hoped to see the Dutch 
triumphant ; wherein, being often deceived, they have often shaken their ears 
and retired home again re infecta. For they never intend to shew themselves 
to purpose, tUl a blow should be given us at sea, and then they think it will 
raise the spirits of many in this nation to side with them. They have their 
agents up' and down, to blow coals. 

Kenmore rambles up and down still, with his barrel drum of aqua vita, 
and all his triumphs, araoxmt to no more but robbery and plunder about the 
country. 

Here hath been a thin meeting of divers Hotspurs of the Kirk, to little 
purpose, saving thwarting and crossing one another, — being of different par- 
ties and opinions, to shew that the quarrel is everlasting between the Assem- 
bly-man and the Remonstrator, and that no feud is more mortal and immor- 
tal, than that which is upon the account of religion. 

No. 180. 

From Dalkeith, November 12, (1653.) 

Kenmore's partie do yet cncrease, and fall into the Lowlands, which yet 
they do, let what coiurse will be taken to prevent them, the coxmtry being ge- 



APPENDIX. 213 

nerally their friends. The other night they fell into Elenhie parish, six miles 
from Glasgow, where Mr Beverly, an English minister, hath a gathered 
church. They intended to have seized upon him, but he was at Edinburgh. 
They plundered the godly and honest people in that parish, took about 30 
horses from the country, and returned, leaving only the alarm to be taken by 
our forces in the morning. The last night, two miles on this side Dumbar- 
ton, they came to Sir James Hamilton's house, (a supposed friend of ours,) 
broke open the dores, and carried him to Kenmore. They give out that they 
are 5000 horse and foot. I suppose they are about 1000. Their numbers 
are augmented by desperate people, sequestred, sequestrable, or much in 
debt. At a late meeting of the Presbyters at Hamilton, a question was put, 
Whether Kenmore or the English were the greatest enemies. It was resol- 
ved that we are ; for Kenmore had done but little hurt, but we mickle evil. 



No. 181. 
From Dalkeith, November 16, (1653.) 

You had last week an account of the boldness of the Highland Tories, 
who made an excursion as far as Falkirk, and surprised there two of our Cap- 
tains belonging to Col. Scroop's regiment ; they surprised also two of our 
troopers, as they were by night passing between Kilsythe and Glasgow, with 
orders for that garison. 

The Earl of Seaford hath certainly adjoyned himself to these rovers, who 
take heart thereupon, supposing more of the nobility will follow ; and there- 
fore they make bold to break out in several parts, and summon the country- 
people, all that are able to bear arms ; and this is done in the name of the 
King, as they stiU call him. They will hardly be able to keep in any com- 
fortable body this winter. They talk of gathering to a head, and this they 
have many a time this year attempted, and then let fall their design again. 
They are up and down alway, in a very short revolution. 



214 APPENDIX. 



Westminster, November 23, (1653.) 

Amendments were reported to the Bill of Incorporating Scotland into one 
Commonwealth with England, which were read and agreed to, and the Bill 
ordered to be engrossed. 



No. 182. 

From Edinburgh, by the last return, December 9, (1653.) 

Things are not very plausible in these parts ; and the people approve 
themselves such as we ever thought them to be. The Highland Tories ha- 
ving collected themselves into several bodies, make excursions at once into se- 
veral places ; thinking that winter coming on, they have their opportunity, 
and that the hardness of the season, and the hardiness of their bodies, will be 
sufficient advantages against us. "We hear not yet of Middlcton, nor of any 
arms and ammunition landed, which, they say, they expect in good propor- 
tions ; and that if they can but have arms, they shall not want men ; and our 
Commander-in-chief is gone to Sterling to take order about our affairs and 
forces. The enemy of late hath gathered like a snow- ball in the Highlands ; 
and, like a snow-ball, may melt again the next rainy day ; for they use to lie 
quickly up and quickly down. 

From Dnimmond Castle, November 6, (1653.) 

Glencarnc, Kenmorc, Athole, Forbes, and Canule, lie about the Island of 
Monteeth, with about one thousand horse and foot ; but a third part of them 
want arms, instead whereof they have clubs. Glencarne intends (if he can) 
to raise men about this garison, and to have a footman out of everj- one hun- 



APPENDIX. 215 

dred pound rent, and a horse and a man out of one thousand pound Scotch, 
throughout all the shire ; the prosecution of which, is judged by the enemy 
to be easy, if a considerable strength lie not at Sterling, St Johnston, and 
Dundee, which will be a special means to cause them to keep the hiUs, and 
prevent them from burning and carrying away provisions for horses within 
three miles of the said garrisons, (as they intend,) and to hinder them pro- 
ceeding in their intended levies. MacNaughtonisat Stra-fellon, [Strath-FiEan] 
and theLordLorn atGlenarkie [Glenorchie] ; — the nearest is about thirty miles 
from Glencame, and about six hundred horse and foot, Highlanders, though 
the country speaks them thousands. They are moving to joyn with Glencarne, 
notwithstanding the difference between Lorn and Kenmore ; and they are all 
for the southward, where they say they shall have assistance from Lords. Al- 
so, to heighten and inflame the people, they give out that the Lord Balcarris 
and Sir Robert Murray* are gone to fetch their King. 



No. 183. 

From Sterling, November 26, (1653.) 

To give you some account of our present posture, Kenmore is going north- 
ward ; but has left his beagles under one John Graham of Docra,*!* to steal 
horses and plunder the country ; and Lorn, in Argile's, to perfect his levies 
there, which are to be 300 men. The last week a party of 100 of them 
came over in boats out of the Highlands into Renfrewshire, and took away 
horses, and returned before our forces at Glasgow could have notice to stop 
them. The Earl of Athole hath not got 40 men yet — the country doe not 



* Sir Robert Murray is mentioned by Burnet as the authority from whom he derived 
some account of the Highland Insurrection to which these extracts refer. 

t John Graham of Duchrie, the compiler, it is supposed, of the preceding account of 
Glencairn's campaign. 



216 APPENDIX. 

rise, and the considerable Barons of Athole have refused to assist them ; 
whereupon they have imprisoned divers of them in a very disobliging way ; 
insomuch, that some have fled to the Governour of Blaire Castle for refuge ; 
and I hope this usage will root up that foolish popular interest that he ex- 
pected would have bin considerable. The gentlemen do tell, though they de- 
stroy all their goods they will not appear in this business — as having had too 
large a share in former sufferings for the King ; and now having engaged to 
live peaceably, and give submission to the union, they will rather lose their 
crops than their inheritance. And those gentlemen of Athole, consisting of the 
name of Robertson and Stewart, if any be wronged, they all participate ; and 
a few days will produce much from those parts. These few far Highlanders 
that were with them, with Glengary and Clanranold, do plunder all that ever 
is in their way ; and it was affirmed by a gentleman, that every two men 
among them did devour a sheep in one day. The country in those parts 
groans abundantly ; and, for all their malignancy, are wearj' of these compa- 
nions. They had a rendezvouz at the Kirk of Counry, [Comrey] at the 
head [foot] of Lougheme, where was Glencairne, Glengarj-, Athole, the 
Magriggers, and some say Kenmore, with about 2600 horse and foot, but 
their result not known. They have sent to all the parishes about Loughem 
to bring them in provisions thither. They have quitted the garisons of ^Ve)^nc 
and Balloch, [/. e. Taymouth ;] and it is most certain that the most of all 
Glengarie's men, and others that came from the furthest Highlands, are run 
home sufficiently laden with plunder. IVIany run to them — bring horses with 
them — sell them — and return to their employments, which makes them very 
distrustfuU of entertaining men with such freedom as before ; and their num- 
ber doth not encrease at present. This for the Highland party. 

As for the Lowlanders, they are as malignant as ever, and as perfect Scots. 
The fair and civil usage of the Commanders-in-chief, and officers that have 
been or are here, have not at all engaged them to the English interest. Both 
the gentry and boors wait only for an opportunity when that part)' of rogues 
under Kenmore, consisting of the scum of English, Irish, and Scotch-Low- 
land desperadoes, (and not many Highlanders) should become considerable. 



APPENDIX. 217 

and so tliey might rise as onie man to destroy us ; and to that purpose they 
please themselves, and encourage one another with lying stories of Middle- 
ton's landing with thousands of men, arms, and ammunition ; and of others 
coming from Poland, France, and other parts of Christendom, to invade Eng- 
land ; and every mole-hill of prejudice that is done to us by the party in 
the hills, is made a mountain ; though, as yet, they have not beat up any 
quarters, only, hke highway robbers, have here and there forty, fifty, or one 
hundred of them fell upon, murtherd, ot robbed a single souldier or two upon 
the highway, or taken them in bed without a guard ; nor durst between 300 
and 400 horse and foot of them lately at Bukannon, stand against fewer than 
200 of ours that came to engage them, but ran away without striking a stroke, 
unto the hills, where our horse could not follow. 

Our forces, both horse and foot, are often abroad, both from Glasgow, 
Dunbarton, Sterling, St Jonstons, Dundee, Aberdene, and Innerness ; but 
such is their inveterate mahgnancy of the country, that (through want of in- 
telhgence) we can never meet with them to do any service against them. 

This day the Commander-in-chief marched from Linlithgow to Sterling. 
Since our coming hither we hear the enemy are 2000 strong, within eight 
miles. To-morrow something will be done to try if we can engage them. 

From Edinburgh, December 7, (1653.) 

No sooner did the Commander-in-chief march from Sterling with insight of 
the enemy, but they quitted their station — not daring to stand, they ran away 
with all speed to the hills. They increase daily in the Highlands — all men of 
desperate fortune flocking to them. They continue their excursions still, and 
expect the rising of a party with them in the Lowlands. They have attempt- 
ed to fortifie a pass betwixt Sterling and St Johnstons, but they will be forced 
to give over the work. Middleton is not yet among them, but they expect 
him, and great matters to be done by him. The guards here saw a great 
flame lately in the air by night, over the suburbs of the city, as if it had been 
on fire ; — after which, it took its course toward the south, and so vanished ; 
which gives occasion to several prognosticks. 

2e 



^18 APPENDIX. 

NUMBER 185. 
From Old Moiitross, December 15, (1653.) 

Captain Lisle being in quarters at Old Montrosse, in the county of Angiiish, 
[Angus] received intelligence upon Friday the ninth of this instant, about 
eight o'clock, that there was a regiment of the enemies horse quartered with- 
in eight or nine miles of him ; of which regiment the Lord Kinnoole is Co- 
lonel, and one David Ramsay Lieutenant-Colonel. Upon which intelligence, 
he forthwith sent Colonel Rich his own troop, to meet him with all conve- 
nient speed that might be, at Brechin ; being a place where part of Major 
Bramstone's dragoons are quartered, and on the way to the enemies quarters ; 
and they meeting according to order, he and they with part of Major Bram- 
stone's dragoons, and twelve foot souldiers, which he mounted out of his own 
quarters of Old Montross, about four o'clock in the morning, marched out of 
Brechin, and in the break of the day fel into the enemies quarters ; where, by 
the providence of God, there was taken, two captains, one comet, one quar- 
ter-master, two corporals, and twenty private soldiers, and about forty horse, 
and some arms ; for the captains, before they would be taken, suffered the 
house to be fired about their ears, so that there were divers arms lost in the 
fire ; but there was three killed ; and thanks to God, this was done without 
any hurt on our side, save only there was one man wounded by a shot in the 
thigh. The Lord Kinoole and Lieutenant-Colonel Ramsay, with about 
thirty of their soldiers, being quartered in a very strong stone-house, by that 
means escaped us. 

And by that time Captain Lisle was in his quarters upon Saturday at night, 
there came orders from Colonel Morgan, that he, with his troop, should meet 
him near Thornton, the next morning early, which accordingly he did ; 
where met likewise Colonel Rich his troop, Major Bramston's troop of dra- 
goons, and a commanded party of foot, about thirty in number, from Dunoter 
Castle. And with this party, we marched six or seven miles into the High- 
lands, and again fell into the Lord of Kinoole's quarters, where we took about 
seven or eight prisoners, and about twelve horse, killed one ; and rescued the 



APPENDIX. 219 

Lord of Egles, Sheriff of that part of the country, whom they had taken pri- 
soner from his own house the day before ; Kinoole and Ramsay themselves 
very hardly escaping, the whole regiment totally dispersed ; but our horses 
were so spent, and the way so troublesome, because of steep rocks and danger- 
ous boggs, and night coming on, that we were constrained to leave off the 
pursuit. 

A list of the prisoners in the Lord Kinoole''s regiment : Captain Michael 
Belford, Captain Wil, Blare, Lieutenant J. Ramsay, Cornet William Grier, 
George FHke, J. Martin, Francis Sharp, David Ramsay, Gem. Bruse, J. 
Macklane, Will. Fife, D. Cuttinangus, David Lawson, Gem. Gardener, Ro- 
bert Swan, J. Brand, G. Macdonald, Ar. Walle, J. Paperson, WiU. Fumis- 
ton, Alex. Goodley, H. Man. 

These were taken upon Saturday, December 10th, with forty horse, by 
Captain Edmond Lisle. 

From Edinburgh, December 18, (1653.) 

Affairs here seem troublesome. The Highlanders have divided themselves 
into several parts, conceiving it to be more conducive to their design than to 
keep in a body. Kenmore hath taken up his territories in the west. Glasgow 
and Marshes, Sir Arthur Forbes and Ramsay, are of the Brayes of Angus and 
Mearns. The Earl of Athole in Athole, and those clans above St Johnstons. 
Glencarne and Glengary towards the north parts about Inverness ; and thus 
this new royal army have disposed their quarters ; but a party of horse from 
hence, with Colonel Morgan, somewhat disturbed their levies in Angus ; for 
they have taken about forty men and sixty horses ; and had unregimented 
Kinoole, if the hiUs had not been friend to a few. 

The news from Dalkeith is, that the enemy is departed from the hither- 
most parts of Athole, and gone to Kirkmichell, in order to their march north- 
ward. We are informed, Kenmore and Glencarne are both here, and that 
their forces reported 500 foot, and 500 horse ; but some who saw them say, 
they cannot be above half that number. They lie under many discourage- 
ments ; and every place is so eaten up where they come, that they are forced 
upon frequent removes; and now provisions of mutton and beef begin to decay. 



220 APPENDIX. 

It is said they intend for the north, that their quarters upon the Lowlands may 
be the more assured and broader, where they expect the landing of foreign 
forces, ammunition, and money from the King and the States of Holland, a« 
they talk. Athole doth nothing considerable ; the people refuse him men. 
according to command. One that saw him and his soldiers saith, he hath not 
got above forty foot ; and Major Mercer is there with sixty horse. Captain 
Elsmore, of Colonel Riche's regiment, sent out a party the other day from 
Drummond Castle, and took one Captain Stuart, who had a commission to 
raise forces, with four others, and killed three on the place. The Marquis of 
Huntly died last week at his house at Bogy-geeth. 



No. 185. 

From Dalkeith, December 18, (1653.) 

We have information that Kenmore will use all his endeavours to raise and 
force men, horses, and monies, in the south ; and intends to make some in- 
roads into the Borders of England, unless prevented, which is the more pro- 
bable by the information from Durham, that twenty horsemen, well mounted, 
(and armed with pistols and holsters,) went through a part of that town on 
Tuesday last, by break of day ; and amongst them (as was given out there) 
Lord Hopton ; but the same number and party (as is supjwscd) lay at Pebles 
on Saturday night last, and with them Colonel Wogan, formerly a captain 
of di-agoons in the Lord Fairfax's army.* The commander-in-chief, as soon 



* See p. 165. The celebrated Wogan, when a youth, had been cnpagcil on the side ot 
the Parliament, and commanded a troop of horse under Ircton, with whom he was a great 
favourite. Being much shocked at the King's murder, he joinetl the cavaliers, and com- 
manded Ormond's guards during the war of Ireland. When all was lost save the insur- 
gent army in the Highlands, he fetched a body of cavaliers from Paris, landed them in 
Dover, recruited them in London, bought horses and arms, and, finally, by easy jour- 
nies, but avoiding the common road, made their way to Scotland, beat up several quar- 
ters of the enemy, and joined Glencaim in the Highlands. 



APPENDIX. 221 

as he had got notice of it on Sunday, ordered several parties from Linlithgow, 
Stirhng, and Glasgow, to scoure the country to prevent their going to the 
hills ; but the country is open, and the people so backward in giving intelli- 
gence, that (notwithstanding aU diligence used, and the horses almost tired 
out with duty,) we seldom meet with any of them. Only on Thursday night 
last. Lieutenant Whitmore, going from the garrison of Downe, with a party 
toward the hUls, took one Major Moorhead, (a prisoner of war, yet upon pa- 
role and security,) well mounted and armed, going to the army, as he him- 
self confest. They hearten their party, and increase their levies by a report 
that their King is come into Holland, and that Colonel Drummond is shipt 
with 150 volunteers, arms, and ammunition, and the Dutch have left off treat- 
ing with the English, with all which they feign a post came lately from their 
King. On Saturday morning last, a party of these royal pilferers met the post- 
boy going from Leith, with letters for London, near Haddington, took his 
horse and letters, and coat and belt, with twenty pieces in money, from the 
poor boy. So that now it will be uncertain sending letters without a convoy ; 
and without further supplies of horse from England, it will be impossible to 
settle parties between this and Berwick, which must be, or else correspondence 
will be cut off. 

A considerable supply is the only means to prevent the growing of this in- 
considerable party of robbers in the hills. Our garrisons of Inverness and 
Blaire are well provided with aU things necessary, and fear no attempt. 

From DalA-eith, December 22, (1653.) 

The last gave you an account of the enemy's main body, under Qlencarne 
and Kenmore, marching northward. What they have done we hear not ; 
but if they have no better success in their levies, than Sir Arthur Forbes hath 
in the south, they are not like to bring their hogges to any fair market ; for 
Captain Hart being sent out by the commander-in-chief, of Colonel Twisleton's 
regiment, to scoure the parts of the north about Dumfreize, the Meres, and 
Tividale, after ten or twelve dayes searching up and down, and tiring almost all 
his horses, the 12th instant, marching towards Hawick, by the way understood 



222 APPENDIX. 

that the enemy had appointed a rendezvouz at twelve hours upon Bath wick- 
bray [Borthwick-brae] ; whereupon he hastened thither all he could, but was 
much impeded by the foulness of the weather, and a violent drift of snow ; so 
that before he came, the randezvouz was broken up. He pursued them by the 
track in the snow ; for he could not get intelligence of them, although within a 
mile of their body. At last he got sight of them ; they drew up in two bodies, 
and faced our men. Ours made what haste they could to charge them. After 
a short conflict, it pleased the Lord to give ours the victory over them. We 
pursued them several miles as long as our horses would goe ; and although 
our horses were extreamly wearied, and theirs fresh, not above fifteen horse 
escaped ; their number about four score or more ; their prisoners say a hun- 
dred ; our party about eighty-five ; horses, many of them good ones ; sixteen 
prisoners ; two or three of them seem to be of note, though they conceal 
themselves. In the pursuit, many were cut down, and put off their horses, 
and so left, concluding those that came afterwards would glean them up : but 
the souldiers were busier in getting horses than in seciuing prisoners, and so 
many escaped away on foot ; but will be known wherever they are met, ha^■ing 
the State's mark upon them. There were four of them slain. Sir Arthur 
Forbes, it is reported, is dangerously wounded, and his major. Major Erwjn. 
We took both their horses ; they fought very resolutely a great while. Quar- 
ter-Master Ward, with fifteen or sixteen souldiers, arc wounded, and one 
slain. The fight was at Philip, upon Bailiwick water. Senlis,* the High 
Sheriff^ of Boxburgh, is redeemed out of their hands ; but one of our souldierb 
ran him into the thigh, not knowing him. He was verj' affectionate to our 
party. Those of the enemy tliat are escajwd, are gone by the way of Bigger 
towards the hills ; parties are sent to interrupt them. 

The intent of Glencame and Kenmore in their marching to the north, is 
(as they gave out) to secure the landing of the Dutch forces, arms, and am- 
munition, which it seems they expect. 

The late revolutions arc well resented here, and the army vcrj- unanimously 
to assist my Lord Protector in the carryuig on the public affairs. 



Ker, Laird of Sunlaws. 



APPENDIX. m 

No news from sea, save that our fleet are about sixty sail, and General 
Monk riding not far from Saint Helena Point. 



No. 187. 

Fnom Dalkeith, December 31, (1654.) 

There is not much hath come to my knowledge since the last. There is a 
ship of arms from Holland certainly landed about Loqukaher [Lochaber,] in 
the Highlands ; with which a ship of Captain Bressies, (which lay about the 
Lewis for trade,) had some change of ordnance ; but not having men on 
board her, durst not go forward, and next day the Highlanders put more 
men on board the Hollander. One man of war would have cleared these 
coasts, and prevented their passage ; this was the ground of the enemies mo- 
tion, which, as I hinted in my last, was supposed to bend northwards to Aber- 
deen ; but it was to fetch these arms, what number, or what other provisions 
were, I know not ; but Colonel Wogan hath made great promises to them 
from their King, and is made colonel. Rory MacCloude, tutor to young 
MacCloude, came over into the Herries, which is a part of Lewis Island, to 
raise men ; but the people would not obey him, not that they have any love 
to the Commonwealth, more than the rest of the Highlanders, but because 
they are under the power of our garrison, and he hath no visible power to de- 
fend them, they never giving intelligence till he was returned to the main, 
and had endeavoured to surprise some vessels of Captain Bressies, who, ha- 
ving notice of it, prevented his designe by putting into an open road. The 
men which he hath are about 400, most of them are old Irish rebells, which 
have made their escape from thence ; he is waiting for Kenmore's coming 
into the North Highlands to joyn with him. There is a man of war of Hol- 
land lies between Lewis and the main, with whom MacCloude holds cor- 
respondence. 



APPENDIX. 



From Dalkeith, January 3, (1654.) 

The 28th of December, the enemy had a rendezvouz upon the Haugh, (a 
piece of plain ground near Weyme.) The parts about ^Veyme are miser- 
ably wasted, and the gentlemen of AthoU ill resenting their oppression ; Ken- 
more and Glengary marcht north about 200 horse and foot, intending to meet 
Seaforth at Lagennongham Drum,* where their whole body intends to ren- 
dezvouz : Before their going there was a falling out between Kenmore and 
Glengary, and a dud appointed, but prevented by the endeavours and wits 
of their associates. "Wogan, with his twenty cavaliers, are at present witli 
Atholl, near Logiret, well mounted, armed, and several of tliem in rich ap- 
parel, which adds encouragement to the Highland fury. The enemy have 
severally spoiled most of such horses as they have taken from gentlemen's 
.stables, their bellies almost dryed up with heats, too much com, and ill 
dressing. Their levies in Perthshire are at a stand ; they get no men, but 
some poor rogues ; and the penalty they impose upon the country is, if thev 
can take a rich man, they keep him till he can ransom himself; and take se- 
veral able-bodied men out of their beds, and force them into arms, or make 
them hire others ; but what addition they will have in the north is uncer- 
tain. 

On Friday last. Lord Kenole, alwut eight in the morning, appeared near 
Glams with a party of liorse, consisting of seventy, or thereabout;- ; his de- 
signe was to surprise the horse belonging to Glams, as tliey came from water- 
ing, lying in a covert-place for that pur])ose ; thinking thereby to incrcaH? his 
number, and to procure exchange for his men taken at Kdgill, and coming at 
first with a small party riding into Glams, took three of our men ; which Ma- 
jor Ducket (who commanded Colonel Riche's troop then,) having notice [of,] 



* Lagan-ach 'n droni, a neck of land betwixt Loch Loch.i and Loch Oicli, in the 
track of the Caledonian Canal. 



APPENDIX. 225 

sent out his quarter-master with twenty horse, to discover the party, who, 
advancing with two files of foot that were to make good a bridge, gave them 
a charge, and routed and dispersed their whole party, took the Lord Kinole 
and fourteen more, all much wounded ; about five horse. At the coming 
away of the letter, had sent out a party to gather up the rest, all quitting 
their horses, and betaking to the bogs ; Major Ramsay was there, but esca- 
ped. We had one man killed, and seven wounded slightly ; three of the 
enemy were kUled on the place, and our men that were taken, rescued. 



No. 187. 
From Dalkeith, January 4, (1654.) 

Part of the army is at Glasgow, seing to the safety of those parts, where 
they are in good condition. Intelligence from that place saith, that notice 
was given where Sir Arthur Forbes (he that was lately routed with his party) 
lay at a small cottage, sore of his wounds that he had received. A party of 
horse was sent thereupon to seize him ; but he quitted that place two days 
before ; and the coimtry are false to us, that they will give no direction which 
way to follow upon any occasion. 

The Scots that will not rise with the Highlanders are plundered by them. 
The Highlanders lay contributions upon them, which bring them very low, 
because they pay likewise toward the maintenance of our English army. We 
hear of supplies coming out of England, as the regiments of horse belonging 
to Major-General Lambert, and Commissary-General Whalley, and the regi- 
ment of foot belonging to Sir WilUam Constable, they being already on their 
march ; by whose assistance we doubt not but to send this plundering crew 
back again to the Highlands, where they will not be able to subsist in a body ; 
all their dependence being upon Charles Stuart, and his endeavours with the 
Dutch for money and arms. 

If a peace be with Holland, (and we hear it is in a fair way), the first news 
of it wiU quite take away their hearts, and make them of their own accord re- 

2 F 



226 APPENDIX. 

tire to their several habitations, without ever drawing a sword against them. 
So great a destruction hath already been brought upon Scotland by these rob- 
bers, that a fevf months' longer continuance of spoil and disorder would bring 
them into the same condition with the Irish, who have been by famine forced 
to eat the corpses of their deceased friends, after divers dayes of interment. 
And yet these are not much to be pitied by us, because of their implacable 
enmity, who wiU rather suffer themselves to be undone by the enemy, rather 
than give notice to our garrisons, when any of the Highlanders came amongst 
them, or pass through the country, accounting and calling it treacher)- to be 
any way instrumental in the surprising of those that would destroy them. 
There is a talk among them, as if the Highlanders had some arms and am- 
munition landed in the northern parts. 



No. 188. 

A Declaration by the Covxmamkr-'in-Chicf of the Forces in Scotlaiul. 

Forasmuch as it is apparent, that (notwithstanding my Proclamation of 
September 27th last,) many serviceable horses daily go to the enemy, to the 
great disservice of the peace of this nation, which could not be without too 
much connivance of tlie owners or possessors : These are, therefore, strictly 
to require all manner of persons who now are, or shall hereafter be pos.scssed 
of any serviceable horses or mares, exceeding the value of L.o Sterling, to 
bring in the same within forty-eight hours next after publication hereof, unto 
the next adjacent garison or quarters of our army, under the penaltv not onlv 
of forfeiting treble the value of such horses and marcs as shall not be brought 
in, the one moiety thereof to the use of the sUte, and the other moiety to the 
party informing ; but also deemed as an open enemy, and dealt withall ac- 
cordingly ; which horses and mares so brought in, shall nevertheless be at 
the owner's clioice, either to have meet satisfaction for them, as they shall 
be reasonably worth, or keep them within the said garison or quarters of our 
army ; and the respective sheriffs and deputies within their sherifWoms, are 



APPENDIX. 227 

hereby required to cause these presents solemnly to be proclaimed and pub- 
lished, according to accustomed manner of publishing proclamations. And 
afterwards (that none may pretend ignorance) to cause to be distributed to 
the several presbyteries, within their said sheriffdoms, a competent number 
hereof. 

Given under my hand and seal at Dalkeith, 

R. LiLBURN. 



From Berzmck, January 1 ] , (1654.) 

They write from Scotland that the Lord Kenmore and MacAldore, with 
six or seven hundred men, are about the Lord of Grante Graccuts [Grant of 
Urquart's] bounds, and Strathspey, where they expect Seaforfs party to joyn 
them. Colonel Morgan hath drawn out a party of horse and foot, to engage 
them (if possible) in case they come down from the hills. Captain Hart lately 
sent a party of horse from Kelsoe into Northumberland, where they took one 
Richardson, a moss-trooper, who lay there to be a guide to some party out of 
England, and one John King, who was a corporal with Sir Arthur Forbes ; 
Sir Arthur is not yet heard off, whether yet dead or living. Young Mon- 
tross is lately joined with the enemy, and also the Lord Charles Gordon, 
only brother to the late Earl of Huntly, and head of their clan, is gone in 
unto them. They proceed very vigorously in their new levies. 

The Earle of Athole was lately, with about two or three hundred horse, 
and five hundred foot, at Cooper, in Angus, and from thence went to Mea- 
gill, and so back to the hills. 

You may perceive their greatest confidence is in the hills, who, rather by 
cunning and craft, doe shelter themselves, than come out and fight as men, 
but the Lord will finde them out in his due time. 



APPENDIX. 



From Dalkeith, January 7, (1654.) 

The supplies are safely and timely arrived here, for the encouragement of 
our forces in this nation, where affairs look with no pleasing face, by reason 
of the great devastations, spoyls, and devourings, made by the Highland lo- 
custs, who have been swarming and pilfering up and down in all parts ; and 
now their very active in their levies. 

Doubtless, the enemy have been fed and heightened with more than ordi- 
nary hopes and promises, and so may be more considerable than is believed, 
as to matter of resolution ; but how to accomplish any thing of moment, is 
yet not seen ; but great men do still flock to them. 

As this week, the commander-in-chief hath received an accovmt of the fly- 
ing out of young Montross, and Charles, Lord Gordon, only brother to the 
late Marquis of Huntly, and chief of that clan, who are going in to the 
enemy. 

Here is news come this day, that a letter came to Edinburgh firom Aber- 
dene, importing the arrival of seventeen Dutch ships in the north, with fif- 
teen hundred foreiners, and arms, and two hundred horse ; but we have not 
yet had any account of it from any of our own people. 



No. 189. 

From Ruthvcn Casth\ Januari/ 2, (1654.) 

I had given you account of the enemy's first advance into this coun- 
trey, but through the baseness of some of the people, my lx?arer was discover- 
ed to the enemy, and taken by them, but not my letters; and Kenmore 
caused him to be burned, both hands and feet, in a most barbarous and 
cruell manner, to cause him to confess what he had done witli my letters, 
which, notwithstanding, lie refused to do ; and yesterday being apjwinted 



APPENDIX. 22Q 

for his execution, within sight of this garrison, a deep sleep fell upon his 
guard, so that he escaped their hands, and came back to me. Kenmore and 
Glengary, with their forces, marched by the way of Strathspey, and Glen- 
came, Lorn, Maclldu, and some of MacGrigger's men, with the rest of that 
gang. AthoU being left behind, marched in by the head of this countrey, 
and joyned their forces within three miles of this garrison, where Glencairne 
now quarters. At their approach to this place, Glencairne sent me a letter 
stuffed with Scotch compliments, the copy whereof, with my answer, as also 
his letter to the country gentlemen, are inclosed. There hath fain out some 
discontent between Glencairne and Lorn, about the men of this countrey ; 
Lorn saying, that by reason they were his men, he ought as well to have the 
ordering and disposal of them, as the Earle of Athole had of his : But Glen- 
cairn told him, that although his father took up the rents of the countrey, 
the men were the Marquis of Huntley's, and Lorn should have nothing to 
do with them, but he would use them as he pleased ; whereupon high words 
arose between them, and Glencairne offered to draw his sword, and Lorn 
went away in great rage, swearing, that rather than he would see his own 
people abused by Glencairne, he woidd lose his life ; * and thereupon drew 
to the other side of the water from Glencairne, and MacKelduy, with some 
of Macgrigger''s men, and about sixty horse with him, and sent the inclosed 
in all haste to the gentry of the countrey ; but some of them fearing it might 
be some plot, did not answer his desires. I sent a letter, the copy whereof is 
inclosed, to some went to him, knowing that they shew whatever letters to 
them. 

Yesterday Glencairne had rendezvouz about four miles off, on the north 
side of the river, and Lorn, with MacKelduy, and what others he had with 
him, were drawn up on the south side of the river [Spey] wel nigh in oppo- 



* For this secession of Lorn, and its consequences, see p. 163. It appears the ac- 
count of the matter received by the English was not accurate, for the journal represents 
Lochiel, whom they call by his patronymic Macllduy (Mac Dhonil duibh,) as joining 
with Lorn, whereas, in conjunction with Glengarry, he was sent in pursuit of him by 
Glencairn. 



230 APPENDIX. 

sition, and the whole of their number was not above 1600 horse and foot. 
The last night, Lorn and Colonel Moynes [IVIenzies,] with six horse, left and 
fled, and Glencairne presently sent a party of horse after him to apprehend 
him. Had Lorn stayed and concurred with them, this covmtrey for the most 
part would have gone his way ; but this difference hath put most of them 
to a stand, and some of them are fled to Inverness, and other parts, to se- 
cure themselves. Parties of horse, and posts are directed every way for the 
apprehending of Lorn ; the enemy take up all horses they can find, and, 
except some few troopers, they are work-horses, and poore countrey l^easts 
without shooes ; and their foot poore starven fellows, many of them having 
no other arms but cudgels, and those that have arms, have no ammunition ; 
and they are full of fears ; so that had we but six hundred horse and foot at 
this time, we might in all probabihty put them to their best shifts to escape 
our hand. They use this countrey somewhat hardly, and especially since Lord 
Lorn''s departure. And that same night the difference was between them, 
Glencairne, in a despitefull manner, removed his quarters to Ballathrone, 
where the Bailiffe's interest lies, and I heare he hath left Httle there that 
could either be eaten or carried away. I am informed that the Lord of 
Grant, although he hath not personally appeared with them, hath sent divers 
letters unto them. And further, my intelligence sayes, that the eneniv in- 
tend, when they have eaten up this countrey, which will not be long at the 
rate they devour, to separate, to wit, Glencairne to march north towards In- 
nerness, Ross, and Caithness ; and Kenmore towards Aberdeenshire. What 
is become of Lorn's men, I cannot yet certainly learn, but the flying report 
is, that they are dispersed. The enemy keep guard on the other side of the 
water, at the Kirktown, within less than twice muskct-shot of the castle, but 
never appear on this side of the water withui sight of the castle, and where I 
cannot over to them by reason of the ice. Since I began to write, mv intclU- 
gence assures me, that the occasion of Lorn's so sudden flight was, that after 
he had fain out with Glencairne, that same night he sent a letter to mc, to 
advise me where to fall on Glencairne's men with tlic best advantage ; but 
his bearer proving false, carried his letter to Kenmore ; whereupon they drew 
up part of the army that way, thinking to take liim that night, and so fled, 



APPENDIX. 231 

as aforesaid ; they have imprisoned seven or eight of the chief gentlemen 
that were with him. It is also said, that Lorn posted away a letter to his 
father, acquainting him with his condition, and that he was coming in to him. 
The Braymen of this countrey doe close with the enemy. 



[Here follow some passages betwixt the Earl of Glencarn and one Captain 
Hill, a commander of our forces in Scotland.]* 



For my honmired Friend, Captain John Hill, Governour of the Castle of 
Badgenoth [Badenochl. 

SlE, 

I have seen a letter of your"'s directed to the gentlemen of Badgenoth, 
[Badenoch] wherein you have expressed so much fidelity to your unjust 
masters from whom you trusted, that it makes me conceive, if those princi- 
ples of your's were rightly founded upon warrantable grounds of legality, you 
might yet redeem your former failings, and those principles of honour and 
virtue which now are darkened in you, being out of their true channel, may 
shine eminently, when unclouded, from under those fatall wayes and snares, 
wherein many galant spirits in this age are insnared. Thus much I have 
conceived it fit to shew you, that I might undeceive you in some opinions, 
upon which I find you ground your arguments in your letter to the gentle- 
men of Badgenoth ; As first, you look upon yoiur Commonwealth (as you 
call it,) as one firm fixt government, whilk the Lord knows there is at this 
instant no such thing in England ; that power which was lately called a Par- 
liament, being by the trustees again surrendered in Cromwel's hand ; and 
now none knows what government he will pitch on ; another grovind you goe 
upon in your letter, that this army now on foot by his Majesties command, 
for his and his long oppressed people's delivery, wiU soon vanish. It seems, 
the distance you are at in this remote place, admits you not right informa- 

• The writer of the foregoinff letter. 



232 APPENDIX. 

tion ; you may indeed look upon this as the Lord's work, returning the abused 
spirits of all his Majesties subjects to their duty to their King and countrey ; 
for now most of all Scotland are in arms, and have marched through the 
greatest part of England, to joyn with his Majesties forces in this kingdom ; 
besides, what is doing in Ireland, all Christian princes are arming against 
those you now serve, and ere long wUl bring a flood of strangers upon them, 
if the Lord doe not bring them to prevent their mine by a timely submission 
to his Majesties just command. I have given you this right view of the pre- 
sent condition of affairs, because I have bin informed of your gaUantrj', that 
when you reckon betwixt God and you alone, and deales impartially with 
yourself, you doe yourself that right to imploy to that vertue God hath given 
you in the most approven way by him, wherein, if you finde I can serve, you 
may freely command your friend and servant. 



Glexcairn. 



December 30, 1653. 



' For the Earl of Glcncairn. 

My Loud, 
Your''s I received by your trumpet, wherein you have put yourself to 
much labour to convince me of the crroneousncss of my principles, and of 
my blindness for want of information ; the truth is, I sec not so far as I de- 
sire ; but the more I see, the more I discover of the unwarranubleness of 
your proceedings, going about to disquiet the peace of the countrj-, and to 
devour that httle which the poor people have left them, upon pretence of a 
King, which I assure you I have disowned, and will still disclaim ; and 
whereas you are pleased to inform me of the greatness of your army, and of 
many who appear daily for you in England and Ireland, I am apt to believe 
that were you as powerfull as you speak, your Lordship might have had bet- 
ter quarters in the Lowlands ; but were you ton times the number that you 
are, it should not cause me to own that power which you call kingly, or to 
betray that trust committed to me by my just masters, the deliverers, under 
God, of the poor oppressed and enslaved people of the Commonwealth of 



APPENDIX. 23S 

England and Scotland, from regall tyranny and bondage, but shall, through 
the Lord's assistance, approve myself faithfiaU to them, while called by the 
name of 

John Hill. 
Ruthven Castle, December 30, 1653. 



From Dalkeith, January 17, (1654.) 

The enemy are part in Badyenoth, and part in the Laird of Grant's bounds. 
The partie that Colonel Morgan drew from Aberdeen towards Innerness, 
could not get over Spey, the waters were so high. The Boggy Geeth* is a 
very useful garrison, the Marquis of Huntly's lady being removed to Strath- 
bogie. The enemy are much startled at Argile's son Lorn's revolt, and think 
there is a greater design in the same than is presently apparent. There is 
to be a great meeting in Argile, of all the Clan Campbell, it is said, to offer 
some proposals to the commander-in-chief. Sir Arthur Forbs yet lies 
wounded in some part of Monteith. 

On Thursday last, Athol and Lorn were at the house of BaUoch,-]- near 
Lough Tay, since which Athol is very sick, and in Weem's garrison, and 
Lorn pretends his father is not reconcileable to him, whereupon he goes not 
home. The 14th instant, the Captain-lieutenant to Colonel Oky, with a par- 
ty from St Johnston's, feU into the quarters of about forty of the enemy's 
horse about Strabaughan [Strabaan,] near Little Dunkeld, under Lieutenant 
Ramsay, took ten prisoners and sixteen horses, and killed two on the place. 
But Captain Elsem ore's troop from Drummond had not so good success, for 
the lieutenant being sent out with a partie of thirty horse, to rescue some 
sheep taken by the enemy, near the garrison, pursued so far as to rout them ; 
but another partie of 60 horse, and 100 or 200 foot, lying in ambuscade. 



* The Bog of Gight, near Castle Gordon. 

f Now called Taymouth, and principal seat of the Breadalbane family. 



234 APPENDIX. 

our men had a very difficult retreat, yet twenty of them charged through, 
the lieutenant was killed, the cornet, one corporal, two trumpeters, and seven 
troopers taken, and the quarter-master wounded. Divers of the enemy were 
killed, and amongst the rest (it is supposed) Wogan, for he and the English 
with him gave the first charge. 



No. 190. 
From Dalkeith, January 9,9,, (1654.) 

Since the engagement of our party at Dnunmond, we have had httle news. 
We cannot yet hear what loss of men was on the enemies part, nor who the 
persons were that were slain. Only one Captain Ker, and another person of 
quaUty, who they said was the second brave man they had in arms, but they 
had very many wounded. 

The main body of the enemy continues in Murray-land, between Inner- 
ness and Aberdeen. A party of 300 foot, vmder one Lieutenant-Colonel 
Henlet, of Newark, and 100 horse, commanded by one Inchinrole, came 
lately into Dumbarton town, staid an hour and went thence. At the last go- 
ing away of the Highland Scots before this, the inclosed was posted upon the 
market-cross, with these expressions in it, " Our ancient old enemy, the king- 
dom of England :" So that you see by this it is a national quarrel, and not 
for the Stuarts. Herein our enemies shew the bottom of their design, to de- 
stroy the Enghsh, and it is a sweet invitation for English to joyn them. If 
their plots be laid no deeper, we suppose they wOl not be able much to 
hurt us. 

We hear that Colonel Humphrey's gallant troop of dragoons are upon the 
Borders, and some other coming to reinforce us, which is welcome news ; and 
now we shall be able at all turns to meet with the enemy. 



APPENDIX. 



A Proclamation. 



William, Earle of Glencairn, Lord Kilmares, Commander-in-Chief of his 
Majesties Forces within the Kingdom of Scotland. 

Forasmuch, as to the prejudice of his Majesties service, and the advance- 
ment of our ancient old enemy, the kingdom of England, who, by their per- 
fidious practice and unlawful means, still pretending the good and advance- 
ment of the Protestant rehgion, has endeavoured the reducement and en- 
slaving of us, our predecessours and coimtrey, to their subjection, many 
pretended countreymen, of severall qualities, within the shire of Dunbarton, 
Aire, Rantfrew, and other adjacent places on the south of Forth, are not 
ashamed to bring in, seU, and deliver to severaU officers of garrisons, belong- 
ing to the said grand enemy, the whole serviceable arms, and other offisnsive 
weapons they either have, or possibly can acqmre, whereby his Majesties lei- 
vies in most part of these shires are greatly impeded, far contrary to our na- 
turall countreymen, inhabiting the north shires, who by their good example 
laying to heart the bleeding condition of their native countrey, doe all una- 
nimously take up arms, and joyn with us for reUef and recovery therof : We 
do, therefore, by these presents, signifie and declare, that whatsoever person 
or persons, of whatsoever quahty, within any of the said shires of Dunbar- 
ton, Aire, Rantfrew, or places adjacent, shall, upon whatsoever pretence, after 
the publication hereof, presume to sell, deliver, or give up to any belonging 
to the said common enemy, any serviceable horses or arms, to the prejudice 
of his Majesties service ; or levies of horse or foot employed upon any of 
them, the whole good and gier of the person or persons, disobeyers of this 
command, (without respect of any) shall be sequestrate and confiscate for the 
use of any whatsoever can first apprehend them : for meddling with, and ef- 
fectuating whereof, these presents shall be irreducible warrant, and ordains 
publication hereof at the Market-cross of Dunbarton, whereby they, nor none 



236 APPENDIX. 

inhabiting the shires of Aire, Ranfrew, or places adjacent, pretend ignorance 
hereof. 

Given at Weems, this 22d of December, 1653. 

Sic Subscribitur, 

Gle>;caien. 



No. 190. 

From Dalkeith, January 24, (1654.) 

The 19th instant. Colonel Daniel, Govemour of St Johnstons, ha\-ing in- 
telligence that the enemy were in or about Dunkeld, sent out 100 horse and 
100 dragoons, under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Ashly, of Colonel 
Twisleton's regiment, who came very neer the town undiscovered ; and the 
forlorn fell in with two of their scouts, they made some resistance at the bar- 
racado, but our few dragoons beat them thence, entered the town, and killed six 
or seven at the entrance. Our forlorn went in the meantime to the other end of 
the town, and pursued them that (upon the alarum) got away towards the hills 
and passages betwixt the town and Blaire, and there were seven of them killed; 
many had the States mark, and most of Athol's troopers made footmen ; they 
brought fifty horses with them, and seven prisoners of Athol's regiment, also 
many carabines, cloaks, boots, and other things belonging to them ; and had 
they not escaped to the woods and crags, which are at the very town's end, 
there had been more in our custody. Athol was tliere himself, and I be- 
lieve this will be a great obstruction to his levies ; he had about 100 or 150 
foot with him, most of whom got to the hills. The horse pursued them 
above two miles beyond the town, and wounded many ; but being very eager 
in the pursuit, and the woods within two or three yards of the very passage, 
they had no more to do, but being knockt off their horses, to run into the 
thickets, and then they were safe. It was a verj' seasonable mercy, both to 
ballance their height upon the business of Druraraond, and also to lay a dis- 



APPENDIX. 237 

couragement upon the temper of that wild people. There was one of Colonel 
Twisleton's own troop killed. Some of the prisoners confess that Wogan 
was run through the shoulder at Drummond, and lies iU at Weims' Cap- 
tain Elsmore's lieutenant and Captain Ker did kiU each other, both of them 
at one instant firing together at four yards distance, with both their blunder- 
busses, and fell both from their horses immediately. 

The enemies head-quarters are now in Elgan ; their general, Glencairn, 
with about 1200 foot, and 300 horse, besides dragoons. They have belea- 
guered Burgie, which is a garrison of ours. Kenmore is at Forres, and 
keeps his guards upon the river Findern, to secure the passage to Innerness. 
The 20th instant. Colonel Morgan was marching towards them with fourteen 
companies of foot, and eight troop of horse and dragoons. This day there 
are nine prisoners sent in from Captain Hart, divers of them are Enghsh- 
men, who were in the engagement with Forbes, and one Richardson, a moss- 
trooper. 



No. 191. 

Edinburgh, February 1, (1654.) 

Colonel Morgan marching- from Aberdeen with fourteen companies of foot, 
and eight troops of horse and dragoons, towards the enemy, Glencairn and 
Kenmore the same day went out of Murrayland toward the hiUs. They 
burnt aU the Lord Lothan's* land, (the Lord Brodie's uncle), because he 
kept his house out against them in the late in-fall into the Earl of Athol's 
quarters at Dunkel. There was killed one Captain Robertson, one Captain 
Hunter, (a young laird who attended Athol), the Laird of BaUachan, Major 



* Lotlian's Land, see p. 166. The narrator says, that this burning Brodie of Lei- 
than's corns was the only damage of the kind which happened in consequence of Glen- 
cairn's direct authority. Undoubtedly, however, much similar mischief was done by his 
desultory army, though perhaps contrary to his inclination, or without his knowledge. 



238 APPENDIX. 

Mercer run into the body with a tuck, and through the arm. It is believed 
he will not live ; there are about twenty more slain and desperately wounded. 
The 23d instant, Athol had a rendezvouz of the country at a place called 
Cairane, but had very slender appearance. Sir Arthur Forbes and Wogan 
lie ill of their wounds at Weems ; Wogan is not likely to recover. Colonel 
Hume, with about sixteen more out of the March, or Berwickshire, are this 
week gone to joyn with those in the hills. 



No. 191. 
From Dalkeith, January 31, (1654.) 

Upon the march of Colonel Morgan from Aberdeen, the enemy hastened 
their march out of Murrayland towards Ross and the hiUs ; so that Colonel 
Morgan returned back to Aberdeen -n-ithout doing any thing against them ; 
only Major Knight's Cornet, with a party of that regiment, took Glencaim"s 
captain, Heutenant, and five horsemen, and sent them prisoners to Innerness. 
There being a party of Scotchmen who have formerly done good ser^-ice in a 
smaller party, the commander-in-chief gave them encouragement to raise about 
forty horse, with which they have more advantage to come upon the enemy 
(by their Scotch tone) than our forces have. 

On Saturday last, this party fell upon the Earl of Athol, took a captain, 
a heutenant, cornet, and fifteen other prisoners, with twentj' horse, and killed 
nine or ten in all. On two or three days before, sent in a captain, and another 
horseman, prisoner to Dundee. The ministers in these parts praying for 
Charles Stuart as their King, (for which they pretend conscience), the com- 
mander-in-chief hath secured many of them. There is a very strange report 
here, that the Lord Seaforth hath stormed our fort at Lewis Island with 1400 
men, and taken it, which I cannot believe, in regard the governor there was 
confident to defend it against thousands ; yet it is certain that Seafort was 
preparing to attempt it, and we had no ship on those coasts. 



APPENDIX. 239 

No. 192. 
Edinburgh, February 6, (1654.) 

The enemy at their late being in Badgenoth got three men from every four 
ploughs in that country, except one near the water [river Spey] ; but many 
of them returned back. The Louhabec [Lochaber] men did plxmder much 
when the enemy was in Murriland, and then left them. The greater part of 
Lelentarne's forces, [Glencairn's forces], are at Strathspey, near the Land of 
Gyants, [Laird of Grants], who will (as is said) keep out his house against 
them, having taken in men and provisions to that end. 

The 28th instant, about thirty-six horse came into the Coast [Carse] of 
Gowry, to Sir Peter Haye's house called Meginch. They did break his outer 
court, and demanded his horses, threatening to bum his corn otherwise ; but 
he firing at them, they ran away. But two days after, a great party came 
and burnt about L.600 Sterling in com ; also the Earl of Linlithgow's com, 
for not delivering his horses. 

From Dalkeith, February 5, (1654.) 

After the enemies departure of Bagenoth, we had this account of their pro- 
ceedings there, that they got three men from every four ploughs in the coun- 
try, except those near the garison of Ruthven ; but many of them since are 
come back, the people going according to the ministers' exhortation given 
them, " To give the Devil a bone in his mouth, and get him to the door."" 
However, many of them have suffered much by the enemy, especially such as 
fled the country at their approach. Things have of late been pretty quiet, 
and some of the enemies seem to desire passes to live quietly at home. Colonel 
Wogan is for certain dead of those wounds he got near Drummond, and bu- 
ried in the Highlands. His captain-lieutenant also is irrecoverable, which 
discourages the whole party of the English, and I am told they are upon dis- 
solving. Their cruel acts of burning their countrymen's houses and corn, 



240 APPENDIX. 

make them stink in their nostrils ; and I am apt to believe they are not so 
much of one party as was supposed, nor their designe so universal. 

Middleton is departed with about 200 cavaliers for the Highlands, having 
five or six small vessels to transport his followers and necessaries. This State 
is sending an extraordinary to his Majesty of France. The thoughts of peace 
makes our merchants very pleasant, it being a matter taken for granted. 



No. 193. 
From Dalkeith, February 11, (1654.) 

The inclosed is the greatest part of the news here at present : Kenmore, 
with body, about 2000 of those wild people, is now at Kildrunning [Kil- 
drummy,] a house of the Earl of Mar's in ]\Iurrayland. They have been ver}- 
quiet of late, and if a peace with the Seven Provinces be concluded, they are 
not like to be very troublesome. Most of Wogan's party (now he's gone the 
way of all flesh) are contriving to get as well out of Scotland as they came 
into it. 

We do daily snap divers of the enemy in small parties. A Ueutenant of 
Colonel Fairfax's regiment, with twelve dragoones, took four of Glencairn"s 
own troop, and eight horses ; and one Lieutenant Rutherford, who commanded 
them, narrowly escaped. Glencaim hath sent out a proclamation, threaten- 
ing fire and sword to all those that do not comply with him in sending in 
their le^^es. Mr J. Goodwin's seventeen Queries are reprinted at Leith. 

On Saturday, four of Colonel Twisleton's, and two of Colonel Okay's, go- 
ing from Drummond Castle for St Johnston's were set upon by fifty of the 
remains of Sir Arthur Forbs and Wogan's horse, took three of them, killed 
two, and tlie other escaped. There is a considerable party of the enemy in 
those parts about the coxuitrie, who are very active since the drawing the 
horse northwards ; but upon the coming in of two regiments from England, 
our horse will be placed so as to meet them at all turns. Colonel Drummond 



APPENDIX. 241 

is certainly, got to the enemy with further instruction for Charles Stuart, from 
whom he is sent to see in what posture they are, and whether so considerable 
as to protect him, in case he should come to him in summer. He teUs them, 
that his Majesty strained hard to send to them a ship with ten thousand 
arms, which is cast away upon the coast of Ireland, though I am apt to think 
it is the same ship that was driven from the coast of Louqhaber to KiUebiggs 
[KilUbeggs .''] There is nothing since my last come from the north. 



Glencairn's Proclamation. 

Whereas it hath pleased his Majesty to appoint horse and foot to be 
levied within the kingdom of Scotland, for opposing the common enemy, for 
giving a check to the pride and oppression of those cruel traitors, whom God 
in his justice hath permitted to overcome, and to be the instruments of Scot- 
land's punishment for its sin, and are no otherwise to be looked on but as 
God's scourge upon us, which he will soon remove and consume in his wrath, 
if we could turn to him with unfained repentance. And to the end his Ma- 
estie's service may be advanced, and that none of his faithfiil subjects may 
pretend ignorance, and that it may appear how willing we are that the levies 
may be done orderly and equally, we have thought fit to cause intimate to 
all shires and parishes, and head burghs, by open proclamation, that every 
one may make his severaU proportions ready to be delivered to the respective 
officers appointed for the same, and commissioners likewise under our hand, 
wheresoever the foresaid officers shall come or send to require them. Like- 
wise that aU who, after intimation hereof, do remain disobedient, and with- 
out fear of God, duty to their King and country, tyes of covenant, love to 
religion, sense of honovir, will move to their duty, may be proceeded against 
with fire and sword, unworthy to be looked upon as Scotchmen, to the terror 
of all false-hearted traitors, who, by their treacheries and rebelhons against 
their lawful King, and his just power and authority, has drawn on this great 
deluge of God's wrath upon all the three kingdoms. 

2h 



242 APPENDIX. 

And likewise, we do hereby require, that where heretofore any horses has 
been brought from any well-affected person or persons beyond their due pro- 
portion, that the respective parish, or next adjacent parishes, where the said 
horses have been taken, that they shall mete and stent themselves equally, 
for bearing equal burden, and refound the persons from whom any horse have 
been taken beyond their proportions ; and the just proportion of horses now 
to be put forth, is declared to be one man well mounted, with all necessaries, 
fourth of every one thousand pound of rent ; and the proportion of foot, ever\' 
third man ; and what dragoons are to be levied, two foot are to be accounted 
for one dragoon. And for the further publication hereof, these are to ordain 
commissioners of parishes, where no burghs are, the provost and baihes of 
burghs do proclaim this at the mercat-cross of each burgh, and to give copies 
hereof to aU parishes within their presbyteries, as they wiU answer the con- 
trary upon their highest peril. 

Given under our hand the 1st of February, 1654. 

• Sic subscribitur, 

Glexcarxe. 



From Dalkeith, Uth February, 1653, [1654 .'] 

On Wednesday last, Colonel Morgan, with eight companies of foot, six 
troop of horse, and three troops of dragoons, with a jiarty of commanded 
horse out of the Mearnes of Angus, marclied from Aberdenc ; and upon 
Thursday, about two of the clock, came to the Lough, at the head of Cro- 
mar, where Glencairne and Kenmore were at a rendezvouz, and (after a little 
dispute) he totally routed their army ; but being so near the hills, lie could 
do no more execution than to take and kill 140, having pursued them seven 
miles into the field, their general hardly escapuig witli about forty horse. 
After this engagement. Colonel IMorgan marched towards Kildnimmy. 



i 



APPENDIX. 343 

Nor was Captain Mutloe in the Western Highlands idle ; for hearing that 
the Laird of Archaton [Ardchatan], (being one of the chief mahgnants in 
Lome,) had garrisoned his house for the enemy, he drew forth a party out 
of Dunstaffenage and DunneUy [Dunolly], fell upon the house, and, after 
some dispute, having killed three of the enemy, entered the house, and took 
a lieutenant, with other prisoners, and store of ammunition and arms. The 
gentlemen and heritors of the shire of Argyle had lately a meeting with the 
Marquis thereof at Innerara, where they resolved not to joyn with those peo- 
ple in arms ; but to be ready at twenty-four hours warning to oppose them. 
The business at the Lewis was thus : Normand Macloud, with 4 or 500 
men, landed in Lewis Island, and after three or four dayes staying in some 
inaccessible places of the isle, fell upon our souldiers, who lay at Stemway 
[Stornaway], out of the fort, and killed twelve of them ; but a party out the 
fort beat them thence, relieved the remainder of the men, removed the goods 
into the fort, and burnt the houses. The last week, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Cottrel marched out of Glasgow, to reduce the garrison of Rosdew [Rose- 
dhu], near Loughlomond ; and before he came near it, the enemy ran away, 
and left word that they had no orders to fight. We hear also that Brockie, 
captain-lieutenant to the late Colonel Wogan, is dead of his wounds ; and 
the Earl of Athol, that fires and burns folks' corn and horses, threatened to 
shoot Holland, the chyrurgeon, unto death, for not curing Wogan and 
Brockie. Some of those blades begin to cry Peccavi, and sends to desire 
liberty to live peaceably ; and no doubt ere long they wiU betray one another 
into our hands. This day the Lord Calender is apprehended upon an in- 
formation against him of correspondency. 

I have inclosed you one of Glencairn's proclamations for the bringing in of 
levies. 



244 APPENDIX. 

NUMBER 194. 

From Dalkeith, February 18, (1654.) 

About four days since, Colonel Daniel, with a party of horse, foot, and 
dragoons, together with the conjunction of another party from Dundee, in all 
about 1000, marched towards Dunkel, where the enemies most considerable 
quarters was, and where they had newly establisht a garrison in the Lord 
Athol's house, near the church. And upon Colonel Daniel's approach, (the 
Lord Athole and Sir Arthur Forbs having intelligence, retreated to the hills, 
and left only the garrison, and a few to defend the church,) those in the church 
durst not stand, bustled to the house, which our men attempted likewise, and 
got under the walls with pick-axes, and other instruments that were in readi- 
ness ; and in short time got into a part of the house, without the loss of a 
man ; and having slain only two of the enemy, the rest cried quarter, and 
had it granted, yet notwithstanding, unworthily began to resist a httle, which 
quickened our men the more ; and then they cryed out quarter amain. In 
the house we took two lieutenants, one ensigne, with blue colours. Sir Arthur 
ForVs own quarter-master, two sergeants, two comets, 119 private rogues, 
together with eighty musquets and bandaliers, some firelocks and swords, 
about 16 pound of powder ; also 25 troop-horses, 14 or 15 pistols, with much 
meal, malt, oats, which having no convenience to carry away, we set fire to 
a barrel of powder, and those provisions, and blew up them and the house 
together. About five dayes ago, one of the late Colonel ^Vogan"s men, with 
three of his best horses, got his landlord to help him to water them, and run 
away with them to Blair Castle, one of our garrisons ; wliich made the Eng- 
lish less trusted by Athol and the Tories. Colonel Morgan hath also remo- 
ved the enemy's garrison at Kildrummy, and many of those horsemen he 
routed at his engagement with Glencairn, (the great patron, or rather spoiler 
of his country,) running to Atbole, near Dunkell, he translated them to foot. 



APPENDIX. 245 

Colonel Morgan, at his late engagement with the enemy at Cromar, killed 
120, and took 27 prisoners, with their ammunition and most of their arms, 
and about 80 hprs, in aU which we lost not one man. 



From Dalkeith, February 20, (1654.) 

Upon Tuesday last. Colonel Daniel marched out of St Johnston's, with a 
party of foot and dragoons, and met with some other forces from Dundee, 
with which he fell the next morning on Dunkell, (the chief quarter of the 
enemy,) the enemy quit the town, and betook themselves to the great house 
(and the kirk) which they endeavoured to keep ; but as soon as our foot 
came under the house, and killed three men, thereupon the enemy betook 
themselves to one room, and desired quarter, which was granted for their 
Uves ; we took two captains, two lieutenants, one ensigne, and Sir Arthur 
Forbes' quartermaster, and niiie prisoners ; we had only one man hurt with 
a stone, but not much. Atholl and Forbes were gone from that place into 
hills, not above two hours before. We took one blue colours in the house, 
which we have since made untenable ; we have now in several places 400 
prisoners, and it were to be wished that some instructions were given by his 
Highness for the disposal of them, most of them being idle rogues, which it 
would be a work of charity, as well as policy, to rid the country of, by send- 
ing them to some foraign plantations, where they might be in an incapacity 
of returning, and do some service in their generation, by being made to work 
for their livings ; for here they will do nothing, but rob, burn, and murther, 
as oft as they get liberty, and while they are kept prisoners, are a charge to 
the commonwealth, and a weakening to our forces, by putting them upon ex- 
traordinary duty for guards for them, and often attempt and make escapes. 
Some of them, one a notorious murtherer, lately gagged tlie marshall's man 
at Stirling, in order to their escape, but were discovered, and laid in irons. 
A party of four of Major Harison's late regiment, (which we now hear is to 
be the Lord Henry CromweFs,) going from Cardros towards Sterling, to con- 



246 APPENDIX. 

voy a prisoner of our's that lately escaped from the enemy, were met with by 
one Captain Buhanan, and nine more, and taken. 

About four or five dales since, one of Colonel Wogan's men, with three of 
their best horses, got his landlord to help him to water them, and ran with them 
to Blaire Castle, which makes the Earl of Athol not to trust Englishmen so 
much. Athol dismounted very many souldiers that ran from Glencaim up- 
on the defeat at Cromar, the particulars of which engagement we had this 
evening thus.* Their number was about fourteen or fifteen hundred horse 
and foot, at a very strong pass, which was a mile in length, and we could 
march but one man abreast, the enemy had thirty foot at the top of the glen ; 
but Lieutenant Symonds being commanded out with a party of foot, and Cap- 
tain Lisle with a party of horse, to the top of the hill, so amazed them, that 
their game was spoiled ; for, after a short dispute, we routed them, and pur- 
sued them seven miles over the hills, such way as they did not expect we 
should follow them. We killed about 120, took 27 prisoners, with their am- 
munition, bagg and baggage, and most of their arms, and about 20 horse, 
Glencairn and Kenmore hardly escaping. These mercies were very season- 
able, for the enemy were very high, threatening nothing but fire and sword, 
if all did not rise with them presently. Upon the 10th instant, Colonel Mor- 
gan marcht to Kildrummy, where they had a garison of forty foot and thir- 
ty horse, which being summoned, the governor was denyed, at last (the third 
day) he came to a treaty, and surrendered the house upon articles, to march 
away with arms, ammunition, bagg and baggage, which was not much ; the 
house being strong, and to be taken without great guns, which we had not, 
neither could our forces have lain there above one night longer ; and indeed, 
Glencairne and Kenmore had left that house as a bait, thinking we wovdd 
besiege it before we fell upon them. Colonel IMorgan left a garrison of foot 
and horse in it, and returned to Aberdeen. In all this business we lost not 



* It is not easy to settle the date of these frequent and obscure skinuishes ; but this 
affair seems to be the same with that mentioned in the Narrative, p. 162. 



APPENDIX. 247 

one man, only one was lost accidentally by one of our own men, neither had 
we any wounded, but two horses shot. 

Sir, You have my piece-meal'd relations, which in regard of time and in- 
telligence, coming many times after I have [had] begun my letters, I hope 
you will pick sense out of my lines. 

Since the writing of this, I have more particular relation of the business at 
Dunkel, but have not time to acquaint you with the whole. The names of 
the officers taken, are Captain Nicolson, Governour, Captain FifFe, Lieute- 
nant Charles Watson, Lieutenant William Rosse, Ensign Broughy, and 
Patrick Gray, Quarter-master to Sir Arthur Forbes. Arms taken, eighty 
muskets, and bandaleers and swords ; some few firelocks, fourteen pounds of 
powder, but what was in their bandaleers. A great quantity of meal, malt, 
and oats, provided for the enemies forces, which we not being provided to 
carry away, blew it up with the house. Twenty-five troop-horses taken, with 
fifteen, pair of pistols. Athol and Forbes came into Dunkel the night after 
we were gone, with all the force they could make. According to the old pro- 
verb, When the Fryer is beaten then came James. 



No. 194 

Fi-om Dalkeith, February 21, (1654.) 

The Earl of AthoU hath drawn all the forces he can together from Weems 
and other places; and he, with the Lord Bruce, were the 14th instant at 
Glenshier, marching northwards to joyn Glencairn, Glengary, Kenmore, &c. 
Upon their conjunction they will be betwixt 3 and 4000 ; and they intend 
to be revenged of Colonel Morgan for their late rout ; but (through divine 
assistance) he may make them amends with such another beating. Yet 
AthoU's foot are much discontented, and leave him daily, out of a sense of de- 
clining, dangerous, and desperate condition, by their daily losses in all parts, 
and complain much of the cowardize of his horse. The English that came 
with Wogan are much dejected at his death, and lament their leaving France, 



248 ^ APPENDIX. 

and being in so wretched and barbarous a place as the Highlands. We are 
daily sending what supply we can to Colonel Morgan ; but cannot much add 
to his strength till the two regiments come out of England. The Scots at 
Edinburgh are very high, and have so great a spirit of malignancy and un- 
behef, as to give out that the late defeat given by Colonel ^Morgan to the 
enemy at Cromar, was only to some countrymen met there ; though it is un- 
questionable that Glencairn, Kenmore, and most of their great fighters, were 
there in person ; and the valiant Mac-Aiding [Mac-dhonuil-duibh], the 
Laird of Loughaber, was one of the first that ran out of the field, and left his 
commission from Charles Stuart, &c. to the Ea'rle of Glencairn ; and other 
papers of consequence were taken, which its not to be doubted that they would 
send with a company of countrymen ; but these kind of persuasions are so 
like the old English cavaliers' confident evasions, that I do but beat the fire 
to endeavour to drive these people out of them, who wiU not be convinced by 
any thing but a good sword subduing and cutting down those broken reeds 
upon which they lean, &c. 



No. 195. 
From Innerness, February 4, (1654.) 

The enemy having divided themselves into several parties, to raise their 
assigned levies, keeping themselves in secure places about the brays for their 
safety, from whence they summon in the couutrj' to provide both horse and 
foot, whom they threaten with fire and sword, if they neglect to satisfie them 
in their demands, though never so unreasonable. 

Glencairn is to command all the levies in these shires of ^Murray, and so 
northward. He, with eighty horse and one hundred foot, keeps near the hills, 
that, upon notice of the approach of any of our forces, they may secure them- 
selves in the inaccessible bounds. Our horse-scouts now and then glean up 
some of them, having lately taken among other notorious rogues that threat- 



APPENDIX. 249 

ened to burn divers of the inhabitants' houses who are serviceable to the 
garison. 



No. 195. 
From Dalkeith, February 26, (1654.) 

The levies that were made by the Earl of Athole are certainly spoUed, and 
the people now quite tyred out with them, seeing no help comes out of the 
Low Countries, as they were made to believe it would be ; ' so that they now 
despair of any assistance to come that way. Besides, there is among them the 
report of a vision seen lately by a gentleman (a friend of theirs) in Fife, in 
which he was commanded, by one in form of a man, to speed to Glencairn, 
and teU that he must decline the course he is in, otherwise it wiU be destruc- 
tive to him, and all under his command ; after which they say the vision va- 
nished. The gentleman neglected, and then had a second vision, in which 
he was sentenced to be dumb for his neglect ; which he now is, and certifies 
the same under his hand, as they report. This latter prevails among the vul- 
gar soldiers, and the two former have influence on aU the army, in that they 
are much dejected with the conceit. 

Athole is now with Glenlyar [Glenlyon .''], and hath about 300 horse and 
foot. He hath sent forth the fiery-crosses, but they are little regarded. Some 
of his men are gone to Badyenoth, where its said Glengary is. The old Laird 
of Glenvigs hath sent for a protection from the governour of St Johnstons. 
Athole was there to desire the demolishing of his house, (as Weyms was,) 
but the old gentleman gave him absolute refusal. On Tuesday last, Sir 
Arthur Forbs, with what horse Athole could make, marched towards Mon- 
teith and Lenox, in design (it is conceived) for the south. 

The 22d instant, there was one of Colonel Daniel's regiment hanged at St 
Johnstons, for running to Athole,'having bin taken again at Dunkeil the last 
week ; and another was tyed up to the gallows, who had bin intercepted as 

2i 



250 APPENDIX. 

he had bin jrunning to Athole, who was taken likewise at Dunkeil ; but saved 
by articles. 

Major-General Lamberts, and Commissary-General Whalley"'s regiments, 
horse, are come up, and will be a very seasonable reinforcement. 

From Dalkeith, February 28, (1654.) 

The last week. Lieutenant HeUin, lieutenant to Major Bramston's troop 
of dragoons, having notice that one Captain Thompson, and Lieutenant- 
Colonel Ramsay's lieutenant, with five more of the enemy, were coming down 
into the Mearns, presently mounted with five more of the troop, traced them 
about ten miles into the hills, and at last took them and their horses, with 
their arms ; and one of them, being an Englishman, refused to take quarter, 
and was killed. A party of the enemies horse and foot being before Downe 
Castle, five miles from Sterling, JMajor Bridges went forth with a party of 
sixty horse ; upon which the enemy fled. Our men pursued, and, about four 
miles from Downe, came in sight of them ; but most of them got into the 
hills. We took only six prisoners, and about nineteen or twenty horse. Sir 
Mungo Murray was there, and escaped very narrowly, as did Captain Hamil- 
ton, whose horse was taken, but he escaped over a bog. The 10th of March 
is appointed for the enemy''s great rendezvouz about Badyenoth. ^fontross 
and Sir Mungo Murray came with orders to Athol, when he slighted Weems, 
to prepare aU the forces he could against that time. There was a late falling 
out amongst them, and one Graham shot AthoVs groom through the head, 
and young INIontross had liked to have kiUed Lorn. The enemy have put 
in a garison of thirty men into Gaith [Garth .'] Castle, about a mile from 
Weyms. I have sent you inclosed one of Sir Mungo Murray's warrants, 
threatening fire and sword. 

" These are to require the gentlemen, heritors, and others concerned, in 
the parish of Drummond and Buchannan, that, immediately after sight here- 
of, they send to the Craig of Erne, out of every pound of rent, half bell cane, 
one furlet meal, one turf [truss] of hay, one leg of beef, one stone of cheese, 
four henns, or satisfaction therefore; as also, to be at the appointed place 



APPENDIX. 251 

with your proportion of troop-horses, every thousand pound being one well 
mounted troop-horse. With certificate if you fail, I will pursue you with 
fire and sword, according to the general order. 

M. Murray." 
From Blaniavard [Monwaird ?], Feb. 23, (1654.) 

No. 196. 
From Dalkeith, March 4, (1654.) 

Since my last, there is certain intelligence come of the landing of Middle- 
ton, at the ferry of Uney, in Sutherland, on Monday was sevennight, about 
twelve o'clock in the night, in a hoy, wherein were some arms. There came 
with him. Sir George Monroe, the Lord Napier, Thomas T)eyal, alias Ma- 
jor-General Deyal [Dalzel], Lodowick Drummond, and about eighty more. 
The vessel was unladen, and sent away next morning. They sent forty of 
their men, or thereabouts, up to Atheness [Caithness .?], with eight or ten 
horse-load of arms ; the rest they carried away with themselves, and went up 
Strathfleet toward Assine, otherwise called Skyr Assine. 

It is reported, there is another ship laden, in Strathnaver, with arms, but 
no men. They speak of meeting with Glencairn in the Braes of Murray, 
where they have their rendezvous ; and, from thence, intend to press all the 
countries to rise. This may put some new life into them ; but, immediately 
before Middleton's arrival, they were much dejected, and were moldering 
very fast ; and I do not find but those, that are most sensible and rational, 
are much discouraged by this inconsiderable appearance of Middleton's ; and 
some are of opinion, that it will tend to their total dissolution. 

The Commander-in-chief hath sent more horse northward, to help to keep 
them up in the hills, where they cannot subsist long in any body. 



252 APPENDIX. 



From Amsterdam, March 14, ^S*. N. (1654.) 

The most remarkable thing that has happened in these countries of late is, 
that Middleton is at length gone away to Scotland, with a retinue of cavaliers 
along with him, and some armes and ammunition, in a big-bellied hoy. I 
was ever boasted by his party, that he would obtain great matters from the 
State, for the setting him out in a gallant equipage, and good supply from the 
Princes also in Germany. But the hoped effects of all these things are yet 
invisible ; and his proportion of arms, and of men that went with him, doth 
not answer expectation, but sufficiently declares, that it was not so much de- 
sign as necessity that carried him out of these Provinces ; for he saw, that, if 
a peace be with England, there would be no abiding for him here, so that he 
must either go run at adventure into Scotland, or else wander in some foreign 
country. Notwithstanding, the well-wiUers of his party do give out here, 
what great body of forces are ready to receive him upon his landing ; and 
make no question but he will over-run Scotland; and drive out the English. 

It is observed here, that these beaten Royalists are a hearty generation ; 
they are always thriving and conquering, if we may believe themselves. No 
sooner than time and observation confuted one story, but immediately they 
are up with another, and all goes well with them ; let the world go which 
way it will, their tongues still nm a-tilt, and in triumph. Their ^Master is 
(we hear) in Paris, but in a departing posture. It is tliouglit, the affairs of 
that crown, in the present juncture, will not permit his stay there any longer. 
AVe hear not of any application made by him of late to this State, but we 
suppose he gives it over for drie meat. Nothing can be more unwelcome to 
him, than to hear that any country should be in amity with England; for 
his interest lies in troubled waters, and he must be hoping for the wracks of 
other States, that he may lay hold, though it were but upon a planke, to- save 
a sinking fortune. It is said at his sister's court, that the first of his retire- 
ment from France will be at the court of the Duke of Brandenburgh, but 
whither afterward is not spoken. 



APPENDIX. 253 



From Dalkeith, March 7, (1654.) 



A partie of the Earl of Athol's forces, horse and foot, came, the last week, 
and faced Blair Castle. The governor. Captain Witter, sent out a partie, 
within protection, to skirmish with them ; whereupon one Captain Johnston, 
and two more with him, charged up to our men on horseback ; but himself 
and one more were kUled. Then they came up, whereupon our men retreat- 
ed. They fetched off their two dead men, and buried the said Captain with 
Colonel Wogan at the Kirk of Kenmore. His death is much lamented 
amongst them, being very stout ; but in his business he was too fool-hardy. 
We had either one or two shot. 

There have of late been some private overtures made from some in the 
hiUs of some proposals, which would probably much allay the present distem- 
pers, without the harsh corrosives ; which though I have hinted before, yet, 
since nothing is done tending to satisfaction in any of them, I shall again in- 
culcate. 1. The sequestration that was upon many, (and of little or no ad- 
vantage to the State,) made many desperate, and so to be removed. 2. That 
personal arrests might cease, and creditors contented to take all their lands 
and goods for satisfaction, or to cease prosecution till their ability to pay ; 
the want of this makes others desperate. 3. That such as were souldiers of for- 
tune, had passed the prime of their time in wars, and were void of callings or 
subsistence, might be considered to be transported to some Prince or State in 
amity with the Commonwealth ; for they are born, and they must be kept, 
or will have a subsistence as long as they can get it. If these things were 
put in execution, it would prevent many from going to them, and bring off 
many from them. 



254 APPENDIX. 

No. 197. 
From Stirling, March 7, (1654.) 

Sir Mvingo Murray, with some horse, about the head of this river, [i. e. 
Forth,] and by night, makes in-fals into the country, to plunder those that 
are disobedient to his warrants. Now, he demands L.23 Scotch for every 
horse and arms. His and his officers' trade is only to fill their pockets, and 
oppress the country. The countrey people are as malignant as ever to our 
interest. 

I acquainted you last week, of Major Bridges his going out this day sen- 
night, and taking of twenty-six prisoners, with eighteen or twenty horse. 

Sir Mungo Murray, yesterday morning, came with a considerable party of 
horse near a garison of ours, to get in his levies. The officers of the garison, 
having notice of it, marched out ; but the enemy, lying in ambuscado, fell 
unawares upon our men, took nine of them prisoners, and seven horse. The 
enemy also had some loss. 

Fiom Innerness and Dalkeith, February 28, March 6 and 14, (1654.) 

About eight days since, IVIiddleton and his company landed in a hoy from 
Holland. They would have put into Garmouth, which is at the mouth of 
Spey, the place where Charles Stuart landed. But notwithstanding we had 
garisons near that place, they put out to sea again, and landed at the feny 
of Uney, in Sutherland, with about eighty men, as we have notice. They 
sent about ten load of arms to Auchness ; and themselves are gone toward 
the shire of Assint. They give out that they have another vessel yet be- 
side to land, but no mention of any more men. 

He hath summoned in all the gentlemen of Caithness, Sutherland, and 
Ross, and hath appointed a rendezvouz immediately by the Brays of Suther- 



APPENDIX. 255 

land. He hath forbidden the Sherriff of Sutherland to act any more in the 
name of the Keepers of the Liberties of England, or in the name of Oliver, 
Lord Protector; but saith he will give him a new commission to act as 
Sheriff. 

Seaforth hath raised 600 men, and is gone to joyn with him. But the late 
blows given to Glencairn by Colonel Morgan and Colonel Daniel, and the 
consideration of Middleton's arrival with so inconsiderable a number, after 
great expectations, hath (I believe) cooled the courage of the more wary sort 
of men, who are of any fortune, that they wiU take heed how they run in to 
his party. 

There is since the former another vessel arrived for him, and come into 
Caithness, where he is to labour a drawing in of the gentlemen of that coun- 
try to joyn him. There is talk of more vessels to come with necessaries to 
his forces. It is said he brought with him in his own vessell at first 300 bar- 
rels of powder, 1000 firelocks, with about 5000 pikes, muskets and pistols ; 
and these, with two field-pieces, were lodged in the Castle of SkeUo. 

Glencairn, Kenmore, Glengary, Athol, and Forbs, with their several par- 
ties, intend to have a rendezvouz as on this day, about 24 miles off of Aber- 
dene, where Colonel Morgan is marched off to trie if he can rendezvouz with 
them. 

From Dalkeith, March 1], (1654.) 

There was taken out of the vessel that brought Middleton into Suther- 
land, 300 barrels of powder, 5000 arms, whereof 1000 snaphances [fire- 
locks.] Immediately after their arrival they sent out a party of country 
horses to carry up their baggage to the Castle of SkeUo, where they got 
up also two brass field-pieces. They report that they have more men in Hol- 
land, but cannot get shipping for them, though they say 16 sail more are 
coming. 

Major-General Deyell, with one Major Watson, and six or seven score 
men, are in the castle, to defend their arms and ammunition. Colonel Fitch 



me APPENDIX. 

hath some intentions to make an attempt upon the place, by a party from In- 
nerness : Middleton hath been with the Lord Rea, to procure him and his 
people to joyn with them, which it's said they will. Seaforth is gathering 
up his men again. 

There is a declaration set out in writing by the enemy, of the grounds of 
their present quarrel ; but it being long, I could not send you a copy of it. 

From Edinburgh, March 14, (1654.) 

Since Middleton^s landing, the enemy are very busie in aU parts, and will 
leave no stone unturned. They report that the Lord Wilmot is to come 
with a great supply from the Emperor. There came with Middleton sixty 
and odd officers, the least a captain, and amongst the rest (besides those I 
hinted to you.) Colonels Henderson, Monro, and others of them, had very 
cold entertainment in Sutherland ; and the Earl himself and his family are 
coming away, leaving directions to his tenants rather to suffer than to engage 
with them. They give out that when all the prepared parties are ready, and 
the 16,000 dollars from the Emperor, for raising thirty regiments, that their 
King, at least their titular Duke of York, will come. The Earl of Athol 
and Sir Arthur Forbs have placed a garison in the Isle of Lough Tay, 
where they intend to have a stock of provisions, and also to keep such com- 
missioners and heritors as refuse to bring in their levies, at 40 marks Scots 
for a horse, and L.lOO Scots for a footman. On Saturday, Lieutenant Holm- 
sted of Colonel Okey's regiment, with a party from Linlithgow, took a comet 
and four more of the enemy, and eleven horse. 

From Edinburgh, March 18, (1654.) 

The landing of Middleton hath filled these parts with a thousand rumors, 
and as many stories are coined on purpose, to incense this people to run new 
hazards of ruinc. They are told of their late King's being resolved to visit 
them, and that his brother York will bring forces, and from Germany and 



Appendix. 957 

Holland they say they shall have money. These phantasies are scattered 
with a great deal of art among the common sort, are led like sheep to the 
slaughter. We do not hear that they have yet attempted the Lowlands ; 
but expect it, arid therefore, for preventing their excursions, our commander- 
in-chief is resolved to take the field out of hand. 

Frcm Dalkeith, March 21, (1654.) 

The Lord Ray hath sent to SkeUo for arms for his men. Seafort was ex- 
pected the 10th instant, within five miles of Crabsdale, with his men. Sir 
George Monro and Middleton were then in Stranraver, and to meet Seafort 
and Ray at Inra, with their whole forces, where also Glengary, with his rab- 
ble, are to joyn with them, and to force Sutherland and Caithness to rise. It 
is reported, that since Middleton, a lord has landed with some men and 
arms. 

The garison of Lewis have made slaughter of the country people that joyn- 
ed with Seafort ; and they have slaughtered some of the garison ; the old 
natives joyned with our men against the rest of the country, so that these di- 
visions cause great devastations in those parts. Those of Colonel Daniers 
regiment, who were quartered in the garison of Logic, have found twenty- 
two muskets, nine firelocks, eleven swords, nine or ten sets of bandaliers, 
three quarters of a barrel of powder, and thirteen bundles of match, they were 
close made up in a wall, and found out by accident. Sir Arthur Forbs is 
again come from the hills, and divers parties in these parts stealing horses, 
which the wit of man cannot prevent, the country are so false, and yet can- 
not but see that aU those people from the hills can doe, is to ruine them ra- 
ther than injure the Enlish, against whom they pretend their chief quarrel. 
' The Commander-in-chief hath apprehended and confined some who disco- 
ver themselves addicted to the other party. One of them, being Mr Knox 
of Kelsay, partly for praying for the pretended king, and declaring his affec- 
tion to the rebels that are in arms against us, and partly for somewhat of cor- 
respondence. 



258 APPENDIX. 

The book entituled, The True State of the Case of the Commonwealth, 
as now in a Lord Protector and a ParUament, which was printed lately at 
London, being a piece that gives good satisfaction, is reprinted at Leith. 



No. 199. 

From Dalkeith, March 25, (1654.) 

Colonel Cooper having notice of about 300 of the enemy, imder Macnaugh- 
ton and the young Laird of Newark, who lay in the Isle of Leven beyond 
Dunbarton, appointed several horse from our garison at KUcrooch, Cardross, 
and Buchannan, to fall into that island at a pass near Buchannan, about four 
of the clock, on the 21st instant, in the morning ; and accordingly that night 
himself marched from Glasgow, with a party of horse and dragoons, by the 
way of Dunbarton, and fell into the enemy's quarters ; took Macnaughton's 
trumpet, and thirty-five other prisoners, narrowly missing ]Macnaughton and 
Newark ; kUled whereof twelve, whereof (as the enemies confess) was a Ueu- 
tenant of horse ; took between fifty and sixty horses, (some good ones,) and 
some arms ; put a perfect rout upon their whole party, and returned the same 
day back without any loss. 



No. 200. 

From Sterling, March 28, [1654.] 

Our expectations here are very great touching the business of a close with 
the Dutch ; and so much the rather, because we observe the enemy here waits 
for an hour of a wider breach, reckoning that the only opportunity to put the 
people into a flame. Divers of the great ones northward, who yet appear not 
themselves, send out their second and third sons, but keep the oldest at liome. 



APPENDIX. 259 

as not willing to hazard estates, and others they set on underhand, which gives 
the enemy great encouragement. 

It is a rare thing to meet with a man that will give us any intelligence. I 
could not have imagined they had been so rotten. Their army, as they now 
own and call it, is still in the north perfecting the leviec, that they may come 
on with the more vigour toward the south. 

From Aberdeen^ March 24, (1654.) 

The Earl of Athol is come to Glencairn with about 700 horse and foot ; 
Seaforth, and some new raised forces by him, are daily expected to joyn with 
them. Glencairn, with his whole force, being 2000 horse and foot, is at Ding- 
wall, two miles from Brahan, not undeserving the name of an island, which 
gives hopes of engaging the enemy there. In order to which, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Mitchell is to march to-morrow towards Innerness with nine com- 
panies of foot ; and Colonel Morgan follows him the day after with five troops 
of Colonel Rich his regiment, and four troops of dragoons. He intends to 
take with him Colonel Tomlinson's regiment, which is in his way, and to 
draw five companies of foot out of Innerness. 

Some young lairds and others, that had a purpose to glean a party of horse 
in Lothian, and so repair to the enemy, were lately taken, and carried prison- 
ers to Dalkeith. 

From Aberdene, March 28, (1654.) 

I have little to write save only to let you know, that all our enemies, Glen- 
cairn, Glengarie, Kenmore, Athol, Forbes, are north of Innerness, within 
twelve miles ; and Middleton, with Seaforth, is expected with levies out of 
Caithness and Sutherland this week. I have received earnest letters from 
Colonel Fitch for more forces ; so that this day I am marching with a con- 
siderable strength of horse and foot towards them ; but I fear they will retreat 
into Caithness and Sutherland, where there are so many ferries, that it will 



260 APPENDIX. 

be impossible for us to reach them. They give out that we shall have no 
peace with the Dutch, and that within a fortnight they'U have 6000 ; and 
truly I believe, if we do not hinder their intentions by this march, they'll be 
3 or 4000 ; and then let us have a care of ourselves, for they threaten this 
town much, though indeed we should be glad if they would come to us, and 
save us the labour of long marches. The two men of war which transported 
the foot to Orkney, took a Dutch prize laden with French and Spanish wine, 
and other commodities. The prize came into this harbour last night, but we 
know not where our frigots are that took them. 



From Major Bridges to the Commander-in-Chief, dated at Hamilton, 
April 3, (1654.) 

According to your honour's command, I drew out an hundred men out of 
my Colonel's regiment, and we met at Hambleton on Tuesday last, from 
whence I sent forty to Douglas and Zancker [Sanquhar t'\, appointing them 
to meet me within two dayes at a place appointed ; and with the rest of the 
party I marched to Newmills, where I lay one night, making it my business 
to get what intelligence I could of the enemies motions. The next morning, 
by break of day, a lieutenant and nine mossers [moss-troopers ?] came to the 
town's end, upon whom our sentinel fired, and they presently betook them- 
selves to the mosses ; and notwithstanding they were closely pursued by the 
guard, they could only get two prisoners, and six horses, which were not so 
serviceable, being but that night taken from the countr}- people, which I 
caused to be restored againe, upon some small consideration to the souldiers 
that took them. The same day. Lieutenant Evans, marching with his party 
from me to Douglas through the Moores, took eight mossers more, notable 
villains and sturdy. I sent to the Governor of Air, to desire him to acquaint 
me with the condition of Lieutenant Hickman, who marched out with seven- 
ty horse from Glasgow, by reason, it is reported, he forced the enemy in C»- 
rick, who was said to be double his nvunber ; but his return to me was, that 



APPENDIX. 261 

he was considerable enough, and that he had met with and fought some of 
the enemy, routed and pursued them to Chapell; and so did judge that my 
party might- be most useful about Zanker, and those passes. To that pur- 
pose I divided, and sent Lieutenant Evans with fifty horse that way ; but, 
two miles from Coralock, I happened to hear of the enemy by a countryman, 
who reported them to be about twelve. I sent a party to the place where 
they were ; but they had the alarm, and rid to it. Their party still increased 
till they came to the number of sixty, which were still pursued by a corporal 
and ten men. At last they faced about, seeing no more, and our party made 
a halt ; but so soon as they discovered my party comiiig, they presently be- 
gan to flinch, and turn tails. I sent the corporal, therefore, presently to 
charge their rear ; but they soon fled, and betook themselves to the mosses, 
whither we pursued them at least ten miles, and the most doleful place that 
ever I beheld. He followed them as long as our horses could step forward, 
and till they had not ten or twelve men together in a body. The rest dis- 
perst, leaving their horses, which we picked up to the number of twenty-five, 
but could that day take no more prisoners but eight, and two slain in the 
pursuit. This party was commanded by Major Hamilton, Captain Leglan, 
and Campbell, the last of whom was not there. There was besides Cragdo- 
rough and fifty horse, quartered within a mile or two where I fell upon 
these youths ; but, by reason of our interposing, could not come to them, 
but marched off" entirely in a body to the left of us. I endeavoured to get 
what intelligence I could of their motions that night. The next morn- 
ing I understood where they were, and what they intended, which was to go 
by the way of Douglas, and so to the north over Cluyd. I presently mount- 
ed and marched another as fast as I could, thinking to have been before 
them ; but it so happened, that they were gotten past Douglas a full hour 
before me. I found out their tract, and pursued them as fast as I could, 
sending sixteen of our best horses, if it were possible to engage; them, but all 
was to little purpose. We pursued them until we came within four miles of 
Hamilton, long within sight, but then we lost them. 

I came to Hamilton this morning about one o'clock, and presently sent out 
all the horse that were here, to lye upon the passes of Cluyd, and to range 



262 APPENDIX. 

the country Evandale and Senerick [Lanerick ?], whereabout, I judge, they 
will attempt to get over Cluyd. I have also dispatched an express to Colo- 
nel Cooper, desiring him to send to Kilsythe, and they to send to Sterling, 
to draw forth their horses to the passes, that so, if we miss them here, they 
may perhaps light on them ; they cannot but be much tyred. I have also 
sent to Aire Captain Robson, to desire him to advise Lieutenant Hickman, 
with his party, which I understand is come out of Carick, to lie about the 
country near the passes over Dumbarton-shire, where those dispersed persons 
of Hamilton's and Leglan's will certainly privately get over. The eight pri- 
soners, first taken, I sent to Aire ; the rest I shall this day send to Glasgow. 
One is said to be a captain, another a lieutenant, and one a notorious mur- 
dering moss-trooper, known to be so by the country about since his child- 
hood. 

Truly, Sir, I must now of necessity take some rest, both men and horses 
being utterly spent ; and, having not only tyred out our own horses, but also 
those we took from the enemy, I shall not further trouble your honour. 

From Dalkeith, April 4, (1654.) 

The enclosed will inform you what kind of task are put upon us in these 
parts to suppress the rebels and mossers, who daily gather, and are as often 
dispersed. Besides what was done by Major Bridge, a party of twenty of 
Major-Generall Harrison's late regiment, commanded by Comet Kenner, 
coming from Dumfrieze with some sesse which they had collected, were set 
upon by forty of the enemy, received their charge, and then charged through 
the rebels, routed them, killed four on the place, took six, wherof three mor- 
tally wounded, and had only four of his party wounded. Lieutenant Hick- 
man, with another party, fell upon sixty of the enemy, under the command 
of one Captain Campbell, took six, above twenty horses. Captain Campbell 
was shot in the back, his horse taken, but he himself escaped amongst the 
whins and bogs. 

Glencairn and Glengary, Sec. are gone over to Taine, into Sutherland, to 
joyn Middleton, and then they will be near four thousand ; yet I doubt not 



APPENDIX. 263 

but Colonel Morgan will endeavour to engage them with his party. Mon- 
tross and Lord Dudhoppe are raising men in the Brays of Angus, and report 
already speaks them three hundred horse. Thus do they daily strive to make 
themselves and the country miserable, having yet appeared the most cowardly 
enemy that ever we dealt withall ; — ^but enough of this. 

Dalkeith, April 6, (1654.) 

Upon Monday night last, the enemy had a party returning from the south 
towards Aberfoy [Aberfoyle] pass, to which joyned another partie of the 
enemy, of about sixty horse and sixty foot, commanded by Colonel Mac- 
Naughton ; at which time Cornet Keys, with about twenty horse from Dum- 
barton, and Lieutenant Francis Young, of Captain CaUant's company of Co- 
lonel Read's regiment, with eighteen horse and thirty foot from Buchannan, 
made after them. The enemy got the pass first ; nevertheless they were to- 
tally routed by ours, who kiUed one captain, and twelve private souldiers ; 
took Lieutenant-Colonel George Herriot, William Buchannan, Captain Ro- 
bert Campbell, Cornet Hugh Wells, quarter-master, above forty private soul- 
diers, and about twenty horse. MacNaughton fled, with sixteen horse ; all 
of them being kUled and taken save himself and three others. We had only 
one killed and one wounded, and two horses killed. 

Sir, this is all the intelligence that affords itself at present, having had 
[heard '^'\ nothing from our parties that are abroad in these parts since the 
last. 



THE i;kd. 



James Ballantyne & Co. Printers, Edinburgh. 



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